Communications method and apparatus include encoding information into a high-peakedness designed pulse train, converting the designed pulse train into a low-peakedness signal suitable for modulating a narrowband carrier to generate a physical communication signal with desired spectral and temporal properties, and generating and transmitting the physical communication signal. The communications method and apparatus also include receiving and demodulating the physical communication signal, and further converting the demodulated signal into a high-peakedness received pulse train corresponding to the designed pulse train, so that the encoded information may be extracted from the received pulse train.

A method, system, and apparatus for calculating coefficients for inputs and corresponding output sequences for a pulse-position modulation encoder using a stored structure; wherein the structure is a subset of the values of Pascal's Triangle.

According to an embodiment of the disclosure, disclosed is an electronic device that includes a first connector electrically connectable to an external electronic device, a second connector electrically connectable to an external audio plug, a wireless communication circuit, and at least one processor. When the electronic device is connected to the external electronic device through the first connector, the at least one processor may receive a first digital audio signal from the external electronic device through the first connector, convert the received first digital audio signal into a first analog audio signal, and output the converted first analog audio signal through the second connector. When the electronic device is connected to the external electronic device through the wireless communication circuit, the at least one processor may receive a second digital audio signal from the external electronic device through the wireless communication circuit, convert the received second digital audio signal into a second analog audio signal having a sound quality lower than that of the first analog audio signal, and output the converted second analog audio signal through the second connector.

An integrated densitometer-compensator system for providing a digital indication of the dielectric value and density of a fluid in a tank includes a dielectric capacitive measuring device, a vibrating spool fluid density measuring device, a signal processor, a power supply, and a remote computing device. The signal processor produces a digital signal representing the dielectric value and density of the fluid, and includes a serial driver that transmits the digital signal as a serial word by modulating a carrier signal. An unshielded interface cable transmits the serial word, which can contain a unique identifier, and also provides power to the system. Transmission can be electrically, optically, or wirelessly. The exemplary system measures aviation fuel characteristics in fuel tanks onboard an aircraft.

An integrated densitometer-compensator system for providing a digital indication of the dielectric value and density of a fluid in a tank includes a dielectric capacitive measuring device, a vibrating spool fluid density measuring device, a signal processor, a power supply, and a remote computing device. The signal processor produces a digital signal representing the dielectric value and density of the fluid, and includes a serial driver that transmits the digital signal as a serial word by modulating a carrier signal. An unshielded interface cable transmits the serial word, which can contain a unique identifier, and also provides power to the system. Transmission can be electrically, optically, or wirelessly. The exemplary system measures aviation fuel characteristics in fuel tanks onboard an aircraft.

The present disclosure relates to a sparse-coded ambient backscatter communication method and a system. According to the sparse-coded ambient backscatter communication method, in an ambient backscatter system including an access point and a plurality of sensor nodes, each sensor node transmits a code word in a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) manner using sparsity of a signal by a duty cycling operation and the access point detects a superimposed signal transmitted in the NOMA manner by an iterative decoding method in which a dyadic channel and intersymbol interference are reflected. The present disclosure may reduce the implementation cost by reducing the number of impedances required to modulate data of a batteryless sensor node in an Internet of Things environment and utilize the dyadic backscatter channel to detect a signal, thereby providing massive connectivity of the access point.

A receiver includes a receiver circuit to receive a first transition in a first direction, a second transition in a second, different direction after the first transition and a third transition in the first transition after the second transition of a signal. A first time period between the first and third transitions is indicative of a datum to be received. The receiver circuit is also configured to determine a second time period between the first transition and a second transition and to determine an additional datum to be received based at least on the determined second time period between the first and second transitions. Using the determined second time period allows for more information to be received in a reliable manner.

A receiver includes a receiver circuit to receive a first transition in a first direction, a second transition in a second, different direction after the first transition and a third transition in the first transition after the second transition of a signal. A first time period between the first and third transitions is indicative of a datum to be received. The receiver circuit is also configured to determine a second time period between the first transition and a second transition and to determine an additional datum to be received based at least on the determined second time period between the first and second transitions. Using the determined second time period allows for more information to be received in a reliable manner.

A method of calibrating a signal level of a memory device includes performing pull-up code and pull-down code calibrations, using a ZQ calibration for non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signaling, performing a most significant bit (MSB) code calibration, using an MSB additional driver for pulse amplitude modulation level-4 (PAM4) signaling, and performing a least significant bit (LSB) code calibration using an LSB additional driver for the PAM4 signaling.

Superconducting circuits for processing input signals are described. An example superconducting circuit includes a first portion configured to receive an input signal having a data pattern represented by edge transitions in the input signal. The superconducting circuit further includes a second portion configured to provide an output signal, where the superconducting circuit is configured to, without applying a direct-current (DC) offset to the input signal, output the output signal corresponding to the edge transitions such that the output signal is substantially representative of the data pattern despite not applying the DC offset to the input signal.