Circuits, methods, and apparatus for efficiently implementing encoding and decoding between binary and multilevel data.

An encoding method includes traversing a to-be-encoded string, searching for a preset string in the to-be-encoded string, and deleting the preset string in the to-be-encoded string if the preset string is found, to obtain a target string.

An encoding method includes traversing a to-be-encoded string, searching for a preset string in the to-be-encoded string, and deleting the preset string in the to-be-encoded string if the preset string is found, to obtain a target string.

Encoding and decoding apparatuses and methods for implementing multi-mode coding are provided. The apparatus includes a transmitter and a receiver connected to a data bus. When data bursts are converted by the transmitter into codewords each including a plurality of symbols and/or a codeword received by the receiver is recovered as data bursts, maximum transition avoidance (MTA) codeword mappings in which no maximum transition (MT) event occurs between the plurality of symbols and minimum DC current (MDC) codeword mappings related to minimum power consumption of the plurality of symbols are used.

Systems and methods are provided for encoding a multi-pixel caching scheme for lossless encoders. The systems and methods can include obtaining a sequence of pixels, determining repeating sub-sequences of the sequence of pixels consisting of a single repeated pixel and non-repeating sub-sequences of the sequence of pixels, responsive to the determination, encoding the repeating sub-sequences using a run-length of the repeated pixel and encoding the non-repeating sub-sequences using a multi-pixel cache, wherein the encoding using a multi-pixel cache comprises, encoding non-repeating sub-sequences stored in the multi-pixel cache as the location of the non-repeating sub-sequences in the multi-pixel cache, and encoding non-repeating sub-sequences not stored in the multi-pixel cache using the value of the pixels in the non-repeating sub-sequences.

Systems and methods are provided for encoding a multi-pixel caching scheme for lossless encoders. The systems and methods can include obtaining a sequence of pixels, determining repeating sub-sequences of the sequence of pixels consisting of a single repeated pixel and non-repeating sub-sequences of the sequence of pixels, responsive to the determination, encoding the repeating sub-sequences using a run-length of the repeated pixel and encoding the non-repeating sub-sequences using a multi-pixel cache, wherein the encoding using a multi-pixel cache comprises, encoding non-repeating sub-sequences stored in the multi-pixel cache as the location of the non-repeating sub-sequences in the multi-pixel cache, and encoding non-repeating sub-sequences not stored in the multi-pixel cache using the value of the pixels in the non-repeating sub-sequences.

A system for controlling access to encrypted vehicular data employs a hierarchical access control method that allows select encrypted vehicular data stored in a cloud server to be accessed by an authorized user in a hierarchical manner whereby the authorized user is then able to decrypt the select encrypted data and all child data associated with the select encrypted data.

A system for controlling access to encrypted vehicular data employs a hierarchical access control method that allows select encrypted vehicular data stored in a cloud server to be accessed by an authorized user in a hierarchical manner whereby the authorized user is then able to decrypt the select encrypted data and all child data associated with the select encrypted data.

A computer program product, an apparatus, a functionally safe programmable controller and a method for processing data, wherein an uncoded real number x is converted into a logarithmic number system (LNS) coded integer x.sub.LNS via a predetermined conversion rule for a logarithmic number system (LNS) in accordance with the relationship: x.sub.LNS=sgn(x).Math.2.sup.m+Id|x|.Math.2.sup.n, where sgn(x) denotes a sign function of the uncoded real number x, Id|x| denotes a binary logarithm of the uncoded real number x, m denotes a first exponent and n denotes a second exponent, and the LNS-coded integer x.sub.LNS is coded into an arithmetically coded integer x.sub.c via arithmetic coding such that the required integer operations is reduced.

A method for transmitting a data block begins with segmenting the data block into a number of data sub-blocks. Each data sub-block where a number of high bits is greater than a number of low bits is then inverted. The data sub-blocks are then grouped into sets of data sub-blocks. For each set of data sub blocks, a number of pulses indicative of a number of high bits in each one of the data sub-blocks in the set is transmitted, there is a delay, and a number of pulses indicative of each high bit in each data sub-block of the set of data sub-blocks is transmitted followed by a delay. Finally, a number of pulses indicative of which ones of the data sub-blocks were inverted is transmitted.