The invention relates to a MAP decoding method of a signal received through a noisy channel, the signal being composed of symbols in an alphabet having a non-uniform probability distribution, the symbols being represented by points in a lattice (). The probability distribution of symbols is modeled using a Gaussian distribution. An augmented lattice (.sub.exp) is formed from the lattice () and the ratio () between variance of the noise and variance of the Gaussian distribution of symbols. Therefore, the disclosed MAP decoding method consists essentially of decoding using an ML criterion searching the point in the augmented lattice closest to the point representative of the received signal (y.sub.exp).

In one example, uncompressed data is compressed and divided into chunks. Each chunk of the compressed data stream is combined with state information to enable each chunk to be independently decompressed. Each of the compressed chunks is then stored on a different storage device along with its associated state information. A compute operation can then be offloaded to the device or node where each chunk is stored. Each chunk can be independently decompressed for execution of the offloaded operation without transferring all chunks to a central location for decompression and performance of the operation.

This application discloses a link monitoring method and apparatus, and belongs to the field of data transmission technologies. The method includes: receiving outer-code encoded data; performing inner-code encoding on the outer-code encoded data, and outputting inner-code encoded data; performing outer-code decoding on the outer-code encoded data; and determining, based on a status of performing outer-code decoding on the outer-code encoded data, quality of a link for transmission of the outer-code encoded data.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of providing a secure quantum key distribution cryptosystem in which the quantum key data is exchanged between Alice and Bob using a quantum channel and the parity bits associated with the quantum key data are encrypted using a post-quantum computing (PQC) encryption method and communicated between Alice and Bob using a public channel.

A writing circuit for writing write data into a memory comprises an evaluator configured for providing an error handling code on the basis of the write data. A modifier reversibly modifies extended write data comprising both the write data and the error handling code in dependence on address information related to a writing address in order to provide modified extended write data. A writer writes the modified extended write data in a position of the memory defined by a writing address. A reading circuit for reading extended read data from a memory comprises a reader configured for reading the extended read data from a position of the memory defined by a reading address. A de-modifier modifies the extended read data in dependence on address information related to a reading address in order to provide extracted read data and an extracted error handling code. An error-detector detects based on the extracted error handling code whether the extracted read data comprises an error.

Various embodiments include methods and apparatus structured to provide synchronization of a transaction identification between a host and a memory module using a parity check. A transaction identification can be generated at both the host and the memory module independently using incremental counters of these apparatus. Synchronization of the transaction identifications generated by the host and by a controller of the memory module can be implemented using a parity bit sequences pattern of a combination of the generated transaction identification plus the corresponding transaction command and data address. Use of transaction commands modified with respect to transaction identifications can be used in initialization of the synchronization, in message passing, and in error detection and response to errors. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods can be implemented in a variety of applications.

In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE configured to receive a plurality of beams through a plurality of different receive beam directions, each of the beams including broadcast information on a PBCH. The apparatus may be further configured to determine, for each of a subset of the received beams, a log likelihood ratio (LLR) for coded bits of the broadcast information. The apparatus may be further configured to decode the broadcast information associated with each of the subset of the received beams, and determine a refined receive beam direction based on the determined LLRs and based on whether the broadcast information associated with each of the subset of the received beams fails to decode or is successfully decoded.

System and techniques for error correction code (ECC) memory security are described herein. A write request that includes data is received. An integrity check value (ICV) is computed for the data. Then, the write request is performed, including writing a representation of the data to a data area in memory and writing the ICV into an ECC area in memory. Here, the data area is addressable by a host and the ECC area corresponds to the data area via hardware of the memory.

The present disclosure provides a method and a device for transmitting data using a LDPC code. The method for transmitting data using a LDPC code includes: determining a check code length according to a current LDPC code rate; informing a receiving end about the current LDPC code rate and the check code length, adding a check code with the check code length to data to be sent, and implementing a LDPC encoding using the current LDPC code rate, so as to obtain LDPC code data; and sending the LDPC code data to a receiving end. The method and the device of the present disclosure can improve spectrum effectiveness of transmitting data using LDPC code.

Generally discussed herein are systems, devices, and methods for entwined encryption and error correction and/or error detection. An entwined cryptographic encode device can include a memory including data indicating a set of relatively prime, irreducible polynomials stored and indexed thereon, entwined encryption encoding circuitry to receive data, transform the data to a set of data integers modulo respective polynomial integers representative of respective polynomials of the polynomials stored on the memory, and perform a Da Yen weave on the transformed data based on received cipher data, and provide the weaved transformed data to a medium.