In an optical network having a terrestrial terminal and an open cable interface (OCI) connecting a submarine cable to a terrestrial cable, the OCI may include a filter positioned on an optical path between the terrestrial cable and the submarine cable and configured to pass first communication signals of a first frequency band, and filter out secondary signals of a second frequency band that does not overlap with the first frequency band. The secondary signals may be looped back to the terrestrial terminal. The terrestrial terminal may detect the looped back secondary signals, and in response, determine the presence of the OCI and that the supervisory signals were rerouted by the OCI.

An optical communication system includes an optical transmitter and one or more processors. The optical transmitter is configured to output an optical signal, and includes an average-power-limited optical amplifier, such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The one or more processors are configured to receive optical signal data related to a received power for a communication link from a remote communication system and determine that the optical signal data is likely to fall below a minimum received power within a time interval. In response to the determination, the one or more processors are configured to determine a duty cycle of the optical transmitter based on a minimum on-cycle length and a predicted EDFA output power and operate the optical transmitter using the determined duty cycle to transmit an on-cycle power that is no less than the minimum required receiver power for error-free operation of the communication link.

An optical communication system includes an optical transmitter and one or more processors. The optical transmitter is configured to output an optical signal, and includes an average-power-limited optical amplifier, such as an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). The one or more processors are configured to receive optical signal data related to a received power for a communication link from a remote communication system and determine that the optical signal data is likely to fall below a minimum received power within a time interval. In response to the determination, the one or more processors are configured to determine a duty cycle of the optical transmitter based on a minimum on-cycle length and a predicted EDFA output power and operate the optical transmitter using the determined duty cycle to transmit an on-cycle power that is no less than the minimum required receiver power for error-free operation of the communication link.

An apparatus includes an optical power supply including: a power supply light source configured to generate power supply light; at least one optical input/output port; at least one photodetector; and a coupling module. The coupling module is configured to receive the power supply light from the power supply light source and output the power supply light through the optical input/output port, receive reflected light through the optical input/output port, and transmit the reflected light to the photodetector. The photodetector is configured to detect the reflected light and generate a signal representing a level of the reflected light. The optical power supply includes a controller that is configured to compare the level of the detected reflected light with a threshold value, and upon determining that the level of the detected reflected light is less than the threshold value, reduce or turn off the power supply light that is provided to the optical input/output port.

Disclosed is an undersea power routing device including a first coupling port, a high voltage converter a second coupling port. The first coupling port may be configured to be coupled to an electrical power conductor and fiber optical cables of an undersea branch cable. The high voltage converter may be coupled to the first coupling port and operable to connect to the electrical power conductor via the first coupling port. The high voltage converter may be further operable to convert a high voltage electrical power supplied by the electrical power conductor to an output voltage having a lower voltage electrical power than the high voltage electrical power. The second coupling port may be configured to couple the high voltage converter to an interconnect cable. The high voltage converter, when coupled to the interconnect cable, may be operable to distribute the lower voltage electrical power to the interconnect cable.

An object is to provide a monitoring signal light output apparatus capable of transmitting a monitoring signal light with a simple configuration. An optical demultiplexer (11) is inserted into an optical fiber (F1) and demultiplexes a monitoring signal light (M1) transmitted through the optical fiber (F1). A SOA (13) amplifies and modulates the monitoring signal light (M1) separated by the optical demultiplexer (11). A control unit (15) outputs a signal (S1) indicating a state of a submarine apparatus. A SOA drive unit (14) outputs a drive signal (S2) to the SOA (13) in response to the signal (S1) to perform a modulation operation of the monitoring signal light (M1). An optical multiplexer (17) multiplexes the monitoring signal light (M1) amplified and modulated by the SOA (13) into the signal light transmitted by the optical fiber (F1). The monitoring signal light output apparatus is mounted on the submarine apparatus.

An object is to provide a monitoring signal light output apparatus capable of transmitting a monitoring signal light with a simple configuration. An optical demultiplexer (11) is inserted into an optical fiber (F1) and demultiplexes a monitoring signal light (M1) transmitted through the optical fiber (F1). A SOA (13) amplifies and modulates the monitoring signal light (M1) separated by the optical demultiplexer (11). A control unit (15) outputs a signal (S1) indicating a state of a submarine apparatus. A SOA drive unit (14) outputs a drive signal (S2) to the SOA (13) in response to the signal (S1) to perform a modulation operation of the monitoring signal light (M1). An optical multiplexer (17) multiplexes the monitoring signal light (M1) amplified and modulated by the SOA (13) into the signal light transmitted by the optical fiber (F1). The monitoring signal light output apparatus is mounted on the submarine apparatus.

A passenger vehicle optical communication system includes a source vehicle including a light source and an endpoint vehicle including a camera. The source vehicle transmits a series of patterns using the light source to communicate, as one example, state information to the endpoint vehicle.

A passenger vehicle optical communication system includes a source vehicle including a light source and an endpoint vehicle including a camera. The source vehicle transmits a series of patterns using the light source to communicate, as one example, state information to the endpoint vehicle.

An optical device may include a substrate and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) on the substrate. The optical device may also include a coupling layer over the substrate and that includes optical guides aligned with the VCSELs to guide outputs thereof from a vertical path direction to a lateral path direction. The optical device also includes controllable delay elements, each controllable delay element associated with a respective optical guide, and a controller coupled to the controllable delay elements.