A communication system is configured to use a pulse width modulation signal as transmission code among a plurality of nodes connected to a communication line. A master node includes a transmission transistor connected to the communication line, a detector configured to detect a variation in current during the on-period of the transmission transistor, and a communication circuit configured to determine the off-timing of the transmission transistor based on the timing of occurrence of the variation in current (i.e., the on-timing of a second transmission transistor provided in a slave node). For example, the communication circuit can be configured to determine the off-timing of the transmission transistor such that the simultaneously-on period TB of the transmission transistor and the second transmission transistor fulfills TB=(2n?1)/2f, where f is the frequency of EMI noise.

Provided are a subminiature optical transmission module and a method for manufacturing same. The optical transmission module includes: a mold body having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; multiple edge-type light emitting elements, each of which is molded inside the mold body by fitting same to the first surface so as to match with the first surface and generates an optical signal in the edge direction of a chip; and an optical component disposed on one side thereof so as to optically multiplex multiple optical signals incident from the multiple edge-type light emitting elements and to output same, wherein the identical height is configured between the surface of each light emitting element and the optical axis of the optical component, and the edge direction of the chip is parallel to the first surface of the mold body.

A communication system for current-modulated transmission of data via a current loopinto which a master device and at least one slave device are looped. The at least one slave device has a switching means that is actuable by an evaluation and control unit and that is configured to short a current loop in the closed state, wherein the evaluation and control unit is configured to temporarily close and then reopen the switching means during a system configuration detection phase. An evaluation and control unit of the master deviceis configured to detect when the at least one slave device is looped into the current loop.

A transmitter includes: a pulse amplitude modulation encoder that encodes serial data to multi-bit transmission data of a first data group and a second data group; a first driver that converts first multi-bit transmission data of the first data group to a first differential signal having a first voltage swing width; a second driver that converts second multi-bit transmission data of the second data group to a second differential signal having a second voltage swing width narrower than the first voltage swing width; a first voltage regulator that provides to the second driver a first low swing voltage for generating the second differential signal; a second voltage regulator that provides to the second driver a second low swing voltage less than the first low swing voltage; and a constant current load switch that provides a current path between the first and second voltage regulators depending on deactivation of the second driver.

An apparatus comprises a plurality of sampling circuits configured to receive a non-Non Return to Zero (non-NRZ) data signal; and a control circuit coupled to the plurality of sampling circuits, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide one or more control signals indicating whether to decrease or increase a frequency of a clock signal associated with the non-NRZ data signal based on the non-NRZ data signal.

An apparatus comprises a plurality of sampling circuits configured to receive a non-Non Return to Zero (non-NRZ) data signal; and a control circuit coupled to the plurality of sampling circuits, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide one or more control signals indicating whether to decrease or increase a frequency of a clock signal associated with the non-NRZ data signal based on the non-NRZ data signal.

Aspects of the present disclosure describe systems, methods, and structures for high speed frequency hopping distributed acoustic sensing using an acousto-optic modulated (AOM), gated re-circulating loop and a frequency shifted receiver local oscillator. Using the re-circulating loop controlled by the AOM to generate frequency-hopping pulse(s) increases DAS acoustic bandwidth overcomes infirmities exhibited in the art that generate multiple frequency patterns that are not suitable for long-distance DAS. Additionally, by employing frequency shifted local oscillator (LO) with asymmetric in band detection, bandwidth requirements are reduced by one half.

A sensor system with a sensor device communicatively coupled to a sensor bus to a receiver circuitry or processing component increases the data rate of sensor transmissions based on the sensor communication protocol. The sensor device can be a short pulse width modulation (PWM) code (SPC) protocol or a single edge nibble transmission (SENT) protocol. A first plurality of sensor values can be configured based on a first communication scheme and a second plurality of sensor values based on a second communication scheme of the communication protocol within a sensor transmission. An indication of modifications of the sensor communication protocol can further be provided via the transmission to sensor bus and processed accordingly by the receiver or processing circuitry of the sensor bus.

A sensor system with a sensor device communicatively coupled to a sensor bus to a receiver circuitry or processing component increases the data rate of sensor transmissions based on the sensor communication protocol. The sensor device can be a short pulse width modulation (PWM) code (SPC) protocol or a single edge nibble transmission (SENT) protocol. A first plurality of sensor values can be configured based on a first communication scheme and a second plurality of sensor values based on a second communication scheme of the communication protocol within a sensor transmission. An indication of modifications of the sensor communication protocol can further be provided via the transmission to sensor bus and processed accordingly by the receiver or processing circuitry of the sensor bus.

A data processing method and an apparatus, where the method includes receiving m data streams using m receive ports respectively, where the m data streams include mm data units, and the mm data units form an m-order matrix A, keeping a location of one element in each row in the matrix A unchanged and moving remaining m1 elements to remaining m1 rows respectively in order to form an m-order matrix B, where a column number of each element in the remaining m1 elements in the matrix A before the element is moved equals a column number of the element in the remaining m1 elements in the matrix B after the element is moved, and sending using m transmit ports, the mm elements in the matrix B to m different levels of a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) circuit respectively for performing modulation.