The continuous demand for capacity and the limited available spectrum in wireless and wired communication has led to reliance on advanced modulation techniques to dramatically increase the number of bits per hertz per second. This demand in capacity and using the higher order constellations shorten the link range, and as a result, system gain becomes an important characteristic. The modulation techniques described here improve the system gain by, e.g., as much as 2.5 dB in high order modulations such as 4096-QAM. The modulation techniques include reducing the peak to average ratio and adding shaping gain. These techniques dramatically improve the system capacity, system gain, power consumption and system cost.

The continuous demand for capacity and the limited available spectrum in wireless and wired communication has led to reliance on advanced modulation techniques to dramatically increase the number of bits per hertz per second. This demand in capacity and using the higher order constellations shorten the link range, and as a result, system gain becomes an important characteristic. The modulation techniques described here improve the system gain by, e.g., as much as 2.5 dB in high order modulations such as 4096-QAM. The modulation techniques include reducing the peak to average ratio and adding shaping gain. These techniques dramatically improve the system capacity, system gain, power consumption and system cost.

Some embodiments include apparatus and methods using an input node, an analog to digital converter (ADC) including an input coupled to the input node, a first feedforward equalizer (FFE) including an input coupled to an output of the ADC, a second FFE including an input coupled to the output of the ADC, and a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) including a first input, a second input, and an output, the first input coupled to an output of the first FFE, and the second input coupled to an output of the second FFE.

An exercise assistance system labels sensor signals received from a movement measurement device to identify repetitions within the sensor signals. The movement measurement device can transmit motion data describing the user's movement to the exercise assistance system, and includes the sensor signals generated by one or more sensors in the movement measurement device. The exercise assistance system generates a combination signal from the received sensor signals and passes the combination signal through a low pass filter to generate a labeling signal. The exercise assistance system can generate three types of labels for the labeling signal identifying different parts of repetitions. The exercise assistance system labels the sensor signals using the generated labels and can identify repetitions in the labeled sensor signals using a classification model.

Method for wire-free transmission of data packets between network nodes in a control network, wherein the data packets each have a preamble for synchronization, which preamble consists of a predetermined number of preamble symbols; wherein, in a first operating mode (FIG. 5a), each preamble-subsymbol (Cj, Cj+1) of a preamble symbol in the preamble is coded by the phase angle of a transmitted single signal pulse; wherein, in a second operating mode (FIG. 5b), in order to increase the signal recognition performance, for the preamble which is transmitted in the data packet, a signal pulse sequence (SIF) for coding the preamble-subsymbol (Cj, Cj+1) is transmitted instead of a single signal pulse, in which signal pulse sequence (SIF) the single signal pulse is transmitted repeatedly.

A signalling system comprises a first data signal source (10, 14), a first data signal receiver (12, 16) and a cable 18 comprising two or more wire pairs ({1,2}, {3,6}, {4,5}, {7,8}) coupling the first data signal source to the first data signal receiver. A portion of each wire pair is wound around a magnetic core (28). A further winding (30) is wound around the core (28). A further signal source (24) is coupled to the further winding (30) and a further receiver (36, 26) is coupled to the wires to receive the further signal. The windings around the core apply the further signal to the wire pairs as a common-mode signal. This allows the further signal to be transmitted to the further receiver without affecting the signal transmitted between the source (10, 14) and the receiver (12, 16) and with only minor modification of the cable (18).

A signalling system comprises a first data signal source (10, 14), a first data signal receiver (12, 16) and a cable 18 comprising two or more wire pairs ({1,2}, {3,6}, {4,5}, {7,8}) coupling the first data signal source to the first data signal receiver. A portion of each wire pair is wound around a magnetic core (28). A further winding (30) is wound around the core (28). A further signal source (24) is coupled to the further winding (30) and a further receiver (36, 26) is coupled to the wires to receive the further signal. The windings around the core apply the further signal to the wire pairs as a common-mode signal. This allows the further signal to be transmitted to the further receiver without affecting the signal transmitted between the source (10, 14) and the receiver (12, 16) and with only minor modification of the cable (18).

An exercise assistance system labels sensor signals received from a movement measurement device to identify repetitions within the sensor signals. The movement measurement device can transmit motion data describing the user's movement to the exercise assistance system, and includes the sensor signals generated by one or more sensors in the movement measurement device. The exercise assistance system generates a combination signal from the received sensor signals and passes the combination signal through a low pass filter to generate a labeling signal. The exercise assistance system can generate three types of labels for the labeling signal identifying different parts of repetitions. The exercise assistance system labels the sensor signals using the generated labels and can identify repetitions in the labeled sensor signals using a classification model.

A technology related to a transmission device of an amplitude modulation method is disclosed. In the amplitude modulation transmission device, a transmission data signal transformed into a sinusoidal wave transition form is input to a signal input stage of a cascode power amplifier, and a transmission data signal transformed into another sinusoidal wave transition form is input to a bias power stage of the cascode power amplifier. The transmission data signal transformed into the sinusoidal wave transition form has a sinusoidal wave form in a section in which input data transitions and maintain its previous value in a section in which the input data is maintained.

A clock sending apparatus and method, and a clock receiving apparatus and method are disclosed. The clock sending apparatus may include, an input unit configured to input a first and second input clocks; a sampling unit configured to acquire a first and second sampling clocks, and determine a first frequency control word according to the first and second sampling clocks, the first frequency control word is indicative of a relationship between the first and second sampling clocks, the first sampling clock is determined by the first input clock according to a preset rule, and the second sampling clock is determined by the second input clock according to a preset rule; and a sending unit configured to generate a clock signal according to the first input clock and send the clock signal that carries at least the first frequency control word to a receiving side.