A network transceiver device is provided, including at least two variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), and at least two sets of analog digital converters (ADCs), each set including ADCs coupled to an output of one of the VGAs, the sets being arranged in VGA-specific channels. The device includes a plurality of feed-forward equalizers (FFEs), each FFE being coupled to receive an output of one of the ADCs in one of the VGA-specific channels. Each FFE is configured to adaptively equalize the output received from the ADCs utilizing a first equalization coefficient subset with coefficient values that are common to all FFEs, and a second equalization coefficient subset that is channel specific and that has a first set of coefficient values for a first VGA-specific channel and a second set of coefficient values for a second VGA-specific channel, the sets of coefficient values being computed independently.

The present invention provides systems and methods for reconstructing continuous physiological signals from non-invasive input signals using a modular framework combining fractional calculus, time-frequency transformations, and deep learning. Input signals acquired from sensors such as ECG, PPG, or SCG undergo preprocessing that includes normalization and computation of fractional derivatives to capture fine-grained temporal dynamics. A first neural network applies an adaptive, learnable time-frequency transformationsuch as a complex Morse wavelet transformto extract meaningful representations. These are then processed by a second neural network to reconstruct continuous signals, such as arterial blood pressure, in real time. The networks are trained using loss functions like mean squared error and dynamic time warping against reference signals. The system operates without requiring calibration and generalizes across populations and sensor conditions. This architecture enables accurate, calibration-free signal monitoring applicable to healthcare, industrial diagnostics, and beyond, offering a scalable solution for real-time signal reconstruction from multimodal, non-invasive biosensors.

Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. geometrically shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes d.sub.min, are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. geometrically shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes d.sub.min, are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

A backscatter radio system having a transceiver module and a transponder. The transceiver module is configured to generate and transmit a radio frequency pulse signal with Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). The generated radio frequency pulse signal includes a power and information transferring pulse and a time reference pulse within a dual symbol duration comprising a first and a second symbol periods. The power and information transferring pulse enables a power injection to a rectifier circuit in the transponder and the time reference pulse enables an excitation of a resonance signal in a resonance circuit in the transponder. A response radio frequency pulse signal with PPM is generated using the resonance signal generated in the resonance circuit with a time offset such that the first and second symbol periods are separated in the time domain.