Methods and apparatus for dynamic packet pool configuration in networking stack architectures. Unlike prior art monolithic memory allocations, embodiments of the present disclosure enable packet pools associated with non-kernel space applications to dynamically allocate additional memory allocations to a given non-kernel space application, or conversely, de-allocate memory allocations to a given non-kernel space application. Variants also disclose the splitting up of a memory allocation into device accessible portions and kernel accessible portions. Other variants disclose sizing certain segment allocations so as to be a multiple of a physical address page size. Such a variant enables a single input/output (I/O) bus address lookup for the given segment so as to minimize look up costs associated with an I/O lookup for the given segment.

Methods and apparatus for efficient data transfer within a user space network stack. Unlike prior art monolithic networking stacks, the exemplary networking stack architecture described hereinafter includes various components that span multiple domains (both in-kernel, and non-kernel). For example, unlike traditional socket based communication, disclosed embodiments can transfer data directly between the kernel and user space domains. Direct transfer reduces the per-byte and per-packet costs relative to socket based communication. A user space networking stack is disclosed that enables extensible, cross-platform-capable, user space control of the networking protocol stack functionality. The user space networking stack facilitates tighter integration between the protocol layers (including TLS) and the application or daemon. Exemplary systems can support multiple networking protocol stack instances (including an in-kernel traditional network stack).

Methods and apparatus for efficient data transfer within a user space network stack. Unlike prior art monolithic networking stacks, the exemplary networking stack architecture described hereinafter includes various components that span multiple domains (both in-kernel, and non-kernel). For example, unlike traditional socket based communication, disclosed embodiments can transfer data directly between the kernel and user space domains. Direct transfer reduces the per-byte and per-packet costs relative to socket based communication. A user space networking stack is disclosed that enables extensible, cross-platform-capable, user space control of the networking protocol stack functionality. The user space networking stack facilitates tighter integration between the protocol layers (including TLS) and the application or daemon. Exemplary systems can support multiple networking protocol stack instances (including an in-kernel traditional network stack).

Methods and apparatus for efficient data transfer within a user space network stack. Unlike prior art monolithic networking stacks, the exemplary networking stack architecture described hereinafter includes various components that span multiple domains (both in-kernel, and non-kernel). For example, unlike traditional socket based communication, disclosed embodiments can transfer data directly between the kernel and user space domains. Direct transfer reduces the per-byte and per-packet costs relative to socket based communication. A user space networking stack is disclosed that enables extensible, cross-platform-capable, user space control of the networking protocol stack functionality. The user space networking stack facilitates tighter integration between the protocol layers (including TLS) and the application or daemon. Exemplary systems can support multiple networking protocol stack instances (including an in-kernel traditional network stack).

Disclosed is an inverter system. A control part of the inverter system includes a control unit configured to set a communication protocol in association with a control unit of the power part, and transmit control data and receive power data according to the set communication protocol, and a power part of the inverter system includes a control unit configured to set a communication protocol in association with the control unit of the control part, and transmit power data and receive control data according to the set communication protocol.

A data transmission method includes: obtaining multiple data blocks sent by L FlexE clients, L is greater than or equal to 1; and sending a data frame including the multiple data blocks to a physical-layer device, where a transmission rate of the data frame is N*100 Gbit/s, the data frame includes T data block groups, each of the T data block groups includes M continuous data block subgroups, each of the M continuous data block subgroups includes R*N continuous data blocks, the data frame further includes T overhead block groups, a t.sup.th overhead block group includes N continuous overhead blocks. According to the method, each data block subgroup in a data frame can include R*N data blocks, and each overhead block group can include N overhead blocks, and a data transmission rate can be adjusted flexibly.

This disclosure describes techniques for performing communications between devices using various aspects of Ethernet standards. As further described herein, a protocol is disclosed that may be used for communications between devices, where the communications take place over a physical connection complying with Ethernet standards. Such a protocol may enable reliable and in-order delivery of frames between devices, while following Ethernet physical layer rules, Ethernet symbol encoding, Ethernet lane alignment, and/or Ethernet frame formats.

Methods, non-transitory computer readable media, network traffic management apparatuses, and network traffic management systems that generate a duration corresponding to a current one of a plurality of states in a TCP connection. The duration is generated based on a difference between a stored time recorded at a previous transition to the current one of the states and a current time. The duration is stored or output as associated with the current one of the states. The stored time recorded at the previous transition to the current one of the states is then replaced with the current time. A determination is made when one or more TCP configurations should be modified based on the duration for the current one of the states. The one or more TCP configurations are automatically modified to improve TCP performance, when the determining indicates that the one or more TCP configurations should be modified.

A method includes estimating a parametric model for a round-trip time sequence for an electronic transmission over a network. Optimization calculations may be performed to dynamically determine a bound (for example, a lower bound) on re-transmission timeout for an electronic transmission to be conducted over the network.

A computing system may be configured to store a master session context of a HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) session, and a queue of HTTP transactions. A middleware module of the computing system may be executable by the processor to: (i) select a first HTTP transaction from the queue, (ii) execute an exclusive phase of the first HTTP transaction, including copying the master session context into a first local session context, (iii) cause a web server to execute a non-exclusive phase of the first HTTP transaction using a first thread and the first local session context, (iv) select a second HTTP transaction from the queue, and (v) execute an exclusive phase of the second HTTP transaction, including copying the master session context into a second local session context. Execution of the exclusive phase of the second HTTP transaction and the execution of the non-exclusive phase of the first HTTP transaction occur concurrently.