This disclosure describes techniques for performing communications between devices using various aspects of Ethernet standards. As further described herein, a protocol is disclosed that may be used for communications between devices, where the communications take place over a physical connection complying with Ethernet standards. Such a protocol may enable reliable and in-order delivery of frames between devices, while following Ethernet physical layer rules, Ethernet symbol encoding, Ethernet lane alignment, and/or Ethernet frame formats.

A method for reducing a number of copies required to send a data sample with a Data Distribution Service (DDS) type in a system using an Object Management Group (OMG) Data Distribution Service (DDS) and a Real-Time Publish Subscribe (RTPS) protocol is provided. Key to the invention is the definition/creation of a memory representation of the data samples for the DDS type that is equal to the network representation of the data samples for the DDS type. Sending of data samples to the DataReader is accomplished without making a serialization copy of the data samples, and for the receiving the data samples from the DataWriter is accomplished without making a deserialization copy of the data samples. Further, a method is provided for accessing to a network representation of data samples with a DDS type in a system using an OMG DDS and a RTPS protocol.

A method, a computerized apparatus and a computer program product for adjusting a protocol for a concrete appliance. The method comprises: obtaining a protocol, wherein the protocol is a user-defined communication protocol, wherein the protocol is utilized by a generic appliance; obtaining a specification of a concrete appliance, wherein the specification is a computer-readable specification, wherein the concrete appliance is a concretization of the generic appliance, wherein the specification indicates one or more limitations of the concrete appliance which are not generic limitations applicable to the generic appliance; and modifying the protocol based on the specification, whereby adjusting the protocol to comply with the one or more limitations of the concrete appliance.

A protocol model generator according to the present disclosure includes: a memory in which a protocol model generating program is stored; and a processor configured to execute the program. Herein, upon execution of the program, the processor extracts multiple strings from a binary corresponding to a protocol, generates a message pool including multiple candidate messages to be used in the protocol corresponding to the binary on the basis of the extracted multiple strings, and generates a protocol model corresponding to the protocol and configured to include nodes corresponding to the respective candidate messages included in the message pool. Further, the candidate messages include messages generated on the basis of the strings and response messages generated corresponding to the messages, and the protocol model is generated including one or more nodes and transition information between the nodes.

Techniques for transmitting data over a network in a representational state transfer (REST) application are provided. A request for data from a client computing device in a representational state transfer (REST) application is received and a wire protocol is selected based on user input from a plurality of wire protocols that will be used to transmit one or more objects to be returned by the request. The selected wire protocol is indicated to the client computing device and the one or more objects are transmitted to the client computing device using the determined wire protocol.

In one embodiment, a network functions virtualization infrastructure can be managed in a decentralized fashion. A front end can receive a request to provision a virtualized network function. The front end can create service descriptors for the request according to the virtualized network function, the service descriptors comprising a hierarchy of information elements organized based on distributed back-end agents operable to provision and manage the virtualized network function. The front end can store the service descriptors in a distributed data store.

Techniques for transmitting data over a network in a representational state transfer (REST) application are provided. A request for data from a client computing device in a representational state transfer (REST) application is received and a wire protocol is selected based on user input from a plurality of wire protocols that will be used to transmit one or more objects to be returned by the request. The selected wire protocol is indicated to the client computing device and the one or more objects are transmitted to the client computing device using the determined wire protocol.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a Flow Specification-based communications method, device, and system. The method includes: obtaining, by a controller, a requirement indicating that a first resource on a forwarding device needs to be associated with a second resource on the forwarding device; and sending, by the controller, a Border Gateway Protocol Flow Specification BGP Flow Spec protocol packet according to the requirement, where the BGP Flow Spec protocol packet includes a network layer reachability information field and an extended community attribute field, the network layer reachability information field carries characteristic information of the first resource, the extended community attribute field carries a global identifier GID used to indicate the second resource, and the BGP Flow Spec protocol packet is used to instruct to associate the first resource with the second resource.

A receiver receives a data packet with a header and a payload. The payload includes at least one full service data unit, one or two service data unit fragments, or at least one full service data unit and at least one service data unit fragment, where a service data unit fragment is only located (i) at the beginning of the payload or at the end of the payload or (ii) at the beginning of the payload and at the end of the payload. The header includes a single field consisting of a first bit and a second bit, even when a number of full service data units and service data unit fragments in the payload is more than two, the single field indicating whether (i) the payload begins with a fragment of a service data unit and (ii) the payload ends with a service data unit fragment. Digital signal processing circuitry processes the header to determine processing for the payload.

Methods and systems for enabling multiple mobile devices to access an access gateway when at least one of the multiple mobile devices is unable to establish a virtual private network connection with the access gateway are described herein. For example, in some embodiments, a mobile device may configure itself as a member of a mesh network. A virtual private network connection may be established between the mobile device and the access gateway. The mesh network may include one or more other member devices that are unable to establish a virtual private network with the access gateway. After completing its configuration, the mobile device may receive, over a peer-to-peer connection of the mesh network, data that is intended for the access gateway and that is from one of the other member devices. The mobile device may transmit the data to the access gateway via the virtual private network connection.