Assistance data specifications and protocols for navigation systems in cellular networks and/or other networks. These specifications and protocols do not impact system-specific control plane protocols. According to various embodiments, a bearer and satellite system-independent meta structure may be protected for periodic and/or continuous transfer, e.g., streaming, of assistance data in a network. As a result, the need for the arrangement of multiple individual sub sessions may be reduced or eliminated in various embodiments.

A data packet has a header and a radio link control (RLC) protocol data unit (PDU). The RLC PDU transports at least one full RLC service data unit (SDU), one or two RLC SDU fragments, or at least one full RLC SDU and at least one RLC SDU fragment. An RLC SDU fragment is only located (i) at the beginning or end of the RLC PDU or at the end of the radio link control protocol data or (ii) at the beginning and end of the RLC PDU. A single field in the header consists of a first bit and a second bit, even when a number of full RLC SDUs and RLC SDU fragments in the RLC PDU is more than two. The single field indicates whether (i) the RLC PDU begins with a fragment of a RLC SDU and (ii) the RLC PDU ends with a RLC SDU fragment. The data packet is formed including the configured header and the configured RLC PDU and transmitted.

Measures, including methods, apparatus and computer programs, for use in operating a network node. A method includes, at the network node: receiving a session initiation protocol (SIP) message directed towards a downstream network element, wherein the received message comprises session description protocol (SDP) data indicating a first SDP preconditions setting; forwarding the received SIP message on to the downstream network element with no modifications; in response to forwarding the received SIP message, receiving a rejection message from the downstream network element; on the basis of the received rejection message, determining that the first SDP preconditions setting is not supported by downstream device; generating a second SIP message comprising SDP data indicating a second SDP preconditions setting different from the first SDP preconditions setting; and transmitting the generated second SIP message comprising SDP data indicating the second SDP preconditions setting to the downstream network element.

Providing a template for orchestration of a cloud provided service in a datacenter. This template can include virtual processing services, virtual networking services, storage services, and service level requirements that a user or administrator can select for the cloud provided service. Based on the template the cloud provided service can be provisioned according to the requirements of the service level agreement.

Provided are technologies for data transmission and reception using an interworking interface between heterogeneous radio access network base stations, such as between NR and LTE, for a 5G non-standalone (NSA) network. A base station for controlling downlink data transmission may include a controller configured to setting up an X2 interface for transmitting the downlink data to a UE by interworking with another base station, a transmitter configured to transmit downlink use data information including information indicating whether to perform retransmission of an associated downlink data packet to another base station through the X2 interface, and a receiver configured to receive downlink data transfer status information from another base station through the X2 interface.

Transferring a set of elements between devices is provided. A set of rules governing a transfer of the set of elements from a sending client device to a receiving client device is received. The set of elements for the transfer is received from the sending client device. It is determined whether the set of rules governing the transfer of the set of elements from the sending client device to the receiving client device are met. In response to determining that the set of rules governing the transfer of the set of elements from the sending client device to the receiving client device are met, the set of elements is transferred to the receiving client device.

Methods and systems for enabling multiple mobile devices to access an access gateway when at least one of the multiple mobile devices is unable to establish a virtual private network connection with the access gateway are described herein. For example, in some embodiments, a mobile device may configure itself as a member of a mesh network. A virtual private network connection may be established between the mobile device and the access gateway. The mesh network may include one or more other member devices that are unable to establish a virtual private network with the access gateway. After completing its configuration, the mobile device may receive, over a peer-to-peer connection of the mesh network, data that is intended for the access gateway and that is from one of the other member devices. The mobile device may transmit the data to the access gateway via the virtual private network connection.

A method supporting distributed resilient network interconnect (DRNI) in a link aggregation group at a network device is disclosed. The method starts with encapsulating a distributed relay control protocol data unit (DRCPDU) in a frame, wherein the DRCPDU includes a protocol data unit (PDU) structure. The PDU structure includes a type field indicating that the DRCPDU is for DRCP, a version field indicating a version number of the DRCP, and a set of type/length/values (TLVs) including: a terminator TLV indicating an end of the PDU structure, a portal information TLV indicating characteristics of the first portal, a portal configuration information TLV indicating configuration information of the first portal, a DRCP state TLV indicating variables associated with an intra-portal link (IPP), a home ports information TLV and a neighbor ports information TLV. The method continues with transmitting the frame encapsulating the DRCPDU from the network device to a neighbor network device.

Various communication systems may benefit from appropriate handling of reconfiguration. For example, certain wireless communication systems may benefit from lossless bearer reconfiguration when handling a transition from the user of a longer sequence number to a shorter sequence number. A method can include determining, by a protocol entity, if a next expected highest count value among count values associated with protocol data units received is more than a pre-defined limit ahead of a lowest count value among count values associated with protocol data units expected to be received. The method can also include resetting the next expected highest count value to a new value corresponding to a predefined upper limit, conditional on the determination.

A cookie directive file may include an exclusion directive specifying sub domain names associated with the server specified in disjointed form. A hardware processor may request the cookie directive file from a server computer and store the cookie directive file locally with the hardware processor. Responsive to detecting a browser request to send to the server computer, the hardware processor may cull existing cookies based on cookie setting attributes associated with the existing cookies, and remove from the culled list of existing cookies to be sent with the browser request, a cookie that matches the exclusion directive.