The present disclosure is directed to a cross-regional data transmission method and device. Metadata information sent by a corresponding client device is acquired, and the metadata information is sent to a corresponding metadata transmission node device, wherein the metadata information includes data replication progress information of the corresponding client device; to-be-forwarded data information sent by the corresponding metadata transmission node device is acquired, and the to-be-forwarded data information is pushed to the corresponding client device, wherein the to-be-forwarded data information includes data replication progress information of another client device, so that the metadata information sent by the corresponding client device is effectively sent to the corresponding metadata transmission node device; and the acquired to-be-forwarded data information sent by the corresponding metadata transmission node device is pushed to the corresponding client device, to achieve synchronization of the metadata information.

A digital data communications network that supports efficient, scalable routing of data and use of network resources by combining a recursive division of the network into hierarchical sub-networks with repeating parameterized general purpose link communication protocols and an addressing methodology that reflects the physical structure of the underlying network hardware. The sub-division of the network enhances security by reducing the amount of the network visible to an attack and by insulating the network hardware itself from attack. The fixed bandwidth range at each sub-network level allows quality of service to be assured and controlled. The routing of data is aided by a topological addressing scheme that allows data packets to be forwarded towards their destination based on only local knowledge of the network structure, with automatic support for mobility and multicasting. The repeating structures in the network greatly simplify network management and reduce the effort to engineer new network capabilities.

Disclosed by the present application are a method and apparatus for service processing, and a device. The present application achieves the correct differentiation of current services and guarantees that a service receiver correctly receives the service desired thereby on the basis of a data packet bearing indication information that indicates a service carried in the data packet.

Various methods, apparatuses, and media for implementing a data quality framework (DQ rules) module are provided. A processor is configured to model data quality rules using a natural rule language (NRL) as constraints on a plurality of communication models. The processor generates protocol buffer definitions from the plurality of communication models to create a protocol buffer class. The protocol buffer class is utilized to create a message by a publication application. The message is to be transmitted over a publish-subscribe messaging bus to a server. The processor embeds the data quality rules within the protocol buffer class and determines a quality of the message by evaluating the data quality rules against the message.

Systems and methods for managing a Network Based Media Processing (NBMP) workflow are provided. A method includes a method performed by at least one processor is provided. The method includes: deriving the NBMP workflow; obtaining at least one first syntax element indicating that at least one task included in the NBMP workflow, at least one input received by the at least one task, or at least one output generated by the at least one task, is nonessential; determining a plurality of essential tasks based on the at least one first syntax element; and assigning the plurality of essential tasks to at least one from among a media sink, a media source, and a media processing entity included in the NBMP workflow.

A device may receive a message originating from or being sent to a machine-type device. The machine-type device may use one of a plurality of binary message formats that includes message values, and the message values may be have specific locations or sizes within the message. The device may determine a particular binary format used by the machine-type device, and identify a set of descriptor language expressions that define a translation between the binary format and a structured data format used by a service device communicating with the machine-type device. The device may generate an output message using the set of descriptor language expressions, and provide the output message to the destination device.

According to a method for encapsulating or decapsulating a general data stream, one or more data sections are obtained by encapsulating data of a transport object based on a format of the general data stream. The data section includes a data section head and a data section payload. The data section head includes a basic section head and an extension section head or includes the basic section head only. The basic section head includes a transport object identity, a data section length, a data section payload encapsulation mode and an extension section head flag. The encapsulation mode uses a variable-length packet encapsulation mode, a fixed-length packet encapsulation mode or a stream encapsulation mode. The flag indicates whether there is the extension section head and the extension section head includes at least one extended parameter. The one or more data sections are concatenated to obtain and transmit the general data stream.

According to a method for encapsulating or decapsulating a general data stream, one or more data sections are obtained by encapsulating data of a transport object based on a format of the general data stream. The data section includes a data section head and a data section payload. The data section head includes a basic section head and an extension section head or includes the basic section head only. The basic section head includes a transport object identity, a data section length, a data section payload encapsulation mode and an extension section head flag. The encapsulation mode uses a variable-length packet encapsulation mode, a fixed-length packet encapsulation mode or a stream encapsulation mode. The flag indicates whether there is the extension section head and the extension section head includes at least one extended parameter. The one or more data sections are concatenated to obtain and transmit the general data stream.

A packet sending method includes that a first network device receives a first packet from a customer edge (CE) device, where the first packet includes a first Internet Protocol (IP) version 6 (IPv6) header and a first payload, and the first IPv6 header includes a source address (SA) and a destination address (DA); determines, according to an entry, an address identifier corresponding to the SA and the DA, where the entry includes a correspondence between the SA and the DA and the address identifier; updates the first IPv6 header in the first packet to a second IPv6 header to obtain a second packet; encapsulates the second packet using the address identifier to obtain an encapsulated packet, the address identifier is located at an outer layer of the second packet; and sends the encapsulated packet to a second network device.

Methods and systems may include processes that may implement abbreviated header communications. In some implementations, a method may include generating a packet including an abbreviated header, where the abbreviated header may include a pointer corresponding to values for multiple parameters associated with a physical layer of communication rather than the values for the multiple parameters. The method may also include transmitting the packet to a client device according to the values for the multiple parameters.