A digital data communications network that supports efficient, scalable routing of data and use of network resources by combining a recursive division of the network into hierarchical sub-networks with repeating parameterized general purpose link communication protocols and an addressing methodology that reflects the physical structure of the underlying network hardware. The sub-division of the network enhances security by reducing the amount of the network visible to an attack and by insulating the network hardware itself from attack. The fixed bandwidth range at each sub-network level allows quality of service to be assured and controlled. The routing of data is aided by a topological addressing scheme that allows data packets to be forwarded towards their destination based on only local knowledge of the network structure, with automatic support for mobility and multicasting. The repeating structures in the network greatly simplify network management and reduce the effort to engineer new network capabilities.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for signaling that relayed packets include information generated prior to decoding (e.g., pre-decoded samples, such as log-likelihood ratios (LLRs)). A method that may be performed by a first wireless node (e.g., a relay node such as a repeater user equipment (UE), a network entity such as an access point (AP), base station (BS) or next generation NodeB (gNB), or another node) includes determining at least one first packet to be transmitted to a second node includes pre-decoded first information about a second packet and providing an indication to the second node that the first packet includes pre-decoded first information.

A network device includes a switch chip and a CPU, wherein the switch chip at least includes a CPU interface, and the CPU at least includes a media access controller and a Buffer. The network device further includes a conversion apparatus. The conversion apparatus receives a first packet uploaded by the switch chip to the CPU through the CPU interface, obtains a second packet by migrating a private information header in an Ethernet header of the first packet to a specified position of the first packet, calculates a Cyclic Redundancy Check, CRC, code of the second packet, obtains a third packet by replacing a CRC code already carried in the second packet with the calculated CRC code, and sends the third packet to the Buffer on the CPU for buffering, wherein the specified position is a position other than the Ethernet header in the first packet.

Disclosed are a method and a device for automatically implementing IOAM encapsulation, and a storage medium. The method comprises: sending, at an IOAM ingress node, a first message carrying IOAM configuration request information to an IOAM centralized configuration point; receiving, at the IOAM ingress node, a second message carrying IOAM configuration information of IOAM transmission nodes sent from the IOAM centralized configuration point; and performing, at the IOAM ingress node, IOAM encapsulation on a service data message according to the IOAM configuration information of the IOAM transmission nodes.

Methods, systems, and devices for determining a subset of user devices from among a complete set of user devices based on a set of received information, i.e., attributes associated with a photograph or user device that transmitted the photograph and attributes, where the disposition of the information may be used to determine the subset and then perform facial recognition on the subset of user associated photographs in order to accurately identify each user or users present in the photograph.

Methods, systems, and devices for determining a subset of user devices from among a complete set of user devices based on a set of received information, i.e., attributes associated with a photograph or user device that transmitted the photograph and attributes, where the disposition of the information may be used to determine the subset and then perform facial recognition on the subset of user associated photographs in order to accurately identify each user or users present in the photograph.

This application relates to the wireless communication field, and is applied to a wireless local area network that supports the 802.11be standard. In particular, this application relates to a method including: An access point AP sends a trigger frame, where the trigger frame is used for triggering a station to send an extremely high throughput trigger based physical layer protocol data unit EHT TB PPDU. The station determines, based on one or two of a value indicated by an uplink EHT spatial reuse parameter UL EHT SRP and a value indicated by one or more uplink spatial reuse parameter UL SRP fields in a common information field of the trigger frame, a value indicated by a spatial reuse parameter SRP in a universal signal field U-SIG of the EHT TB PPDU. The STA sends the EHT TB PPDU to the AP.

Systems, methods, and software of performing an Authentication and Key Management for Applications (AKMA) authentication service. In one embodiment, an AKMA element (1200) handles an enriched AKMA Key Identifier (A-KID) (800) having an identifier format with a username (802) and a realm (804) separated by an @-symbol (806). The username includes a Routing Indicator (RID) (812), an AKMA Temporary UE Identifier (A-TID) (814), and at least one supplemental character (810) that distinguishes the RID from the A-TID in the username The AKMA element performs a function of the AKMA authentication service based on the enriched A-KID.

Embodiments of this application disclose a data transmission method, a device, and a computer-readable storage medium. The method in embodiments of this application includes: a first end sends, to a second end, a transport layer protocol connection establishment request message carrying first capability information, and receives a transport layer protocol connection establishment response message from the second end, where the first capability information indicates a support status of the first end for a plurality of types of indication information, and second capability information carried in the transport layer protocol connection establishment response message indicates a support status of the second end for the plurality of types of the indication information or indicates a joint support status of the first end and the second end for the plurality of types of the indication information. a message carrying indication information of the first subtype.

Provided are a method and a system for transmitting multiple data, in which the method includes receiving a plurality of transmission files for transmission from a transmission device of the first network to a reception device of the second network, and temporarily storing the received files, generating flexible packets by dividing each of the plurality of transmission files by a flexible packet length determined according to size of the files, in which a transmission file in a size smaller than the flexible packet length among the plurality of transmission files is generated as one flexible packet without being divided, loading the flexible packets into a plurality of flexible frames based on a corresponding transmission file priority according to a maximum data transmission size, and transmitting the plurality of flexible frames to the second network.