A downlink (DL) multi-user (MU) transmission method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, the DL MU transmission method including receiving a DL MU physical protocol data unit (PPDU) including a physical preamble and a data field from STA (Station) and transmitting the ACK frames in response to the DL MU PPDU to STA. In addition, the data field includes at least one medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit (MPDU), the at least one MPDU includes a MAC header and a MAC frame body, wherein the MAC header includes acknowledge (ACK) indication information, the ACK indication information includes frequency resource allocation information for an uplink (UL) MU orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission of ACK frames and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level information, and the frequency resource allocation information includes an index value indicating a resource unit allocated for the UL MU OFDMA transmission of the ACK frames, and the resource unit corresponds to a 26-tone resource unit, a 52-tone resource unit, a 106-tone resource unit, a 242-tone resource unit, a 484-tone resource unit, or a 996-tone resource unit.

A system for processing messages of a high rate data stream and an apparatus including: a message processor including a plurality of processor sub-modules and configured to read an input data stream, process the input data stream, and to output an output data stream; at least one payload memory storing data related to the input data stream and accessible to the message processor; at least one instruction memory accessible to the message processor and storing computer program instructions configuring the message processor to process the input data stream; and an application processor configured to rewrite the at least one instruction memory.

A peer to peer dynamic network acceleration method and apparatus provide enhanced communications directly between two or more enhanced devices, such as enhanced clients. The enhanced clients may comprise a front-end, a back-end, or both. In general, the front-end and back-end of the enhanced clients work in concert to translate data into an enhanced protocol for communication between the enhanced clients. The enhanced protocol may provide acceleration, security, error correction, and other benefits. Data from various applications may be seamlessly translated between a first protocol and the enhanced protocol, such that the applications need not be modified to use the enhanced protocol. The enhanced clients may automatically detect one another to establish an enhanced communications channel automatically.

In one embodiment, segment routing network processing of packets is performed, including using segment routing packet policies and functions providing segment routing processing signaling and packet forwarding efficiencies in a network. A segment routing node signals to another segment routing node using a signaled segment identifier in a segment list of a segment routing packet with the segments left identifying a segment list element above the signaled segment identifier. A downstream segment routing node receives the segment routing packet, obtains this signaled segment identifier, and performs processing of one or more packets based thereon. In one embodiment, a provider edge node replaces its own segment identifier in a received customer packet, with a downstream customer node using the replaced (signaling) segment identifier (of a provider edge node/segment routing function) for accessing a return path through the provider network.

A communication system includes a server and a client that transmits messages to the server. The messages include data and descriptive tags and may be in XML format. The server initiates a negotiation with the client relating to message format switching. If the client indicates that the client can accept message format switching, the server instructs the client to switch further messages to a simpler message format including solely data.

In accordance with implementations of the subject matter described herein, there provides a solution for multi-path RDMA transmission. In the solution, at least one packet is generated based on an RDMA message to be transmitted from a first device to a second device. The first device has an RDMA connection with the second device via a plurality of paths. A first packet in the at least one packet includes a plurality of fields, which include information for transmitting the first packet over a first path of the plurality of paths. The at least one packet is transmitted to the second device over the plurality of paths via an RDMA protocol. The first packet is transmitted over the first path. The multi-path RDMA transmission solution according to the subject matter described herein can efficiently utilize rich network paths while maintaining a low memory footprint in a network interface card.

A system for data communication between electronic devices comprises a first electronic device that is a resource-constrained device; and a second electronic device that exchanges data with the first electronic device. One of the first electronic device and the second electronic device generates a message in a data unit frame complying with a protocol stack that includes a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) message on a data link layer in the absence of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer.

A system for data communication between electronic devices comprises a first electronic device that is a resource-constrained device; and a second electronic device that exchanges data with the first electronic device. One of the first electronic device and the second electronic device generates a message in a data unit frame complying with a protocol stack that includes a Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) message on a data link layer in the absence of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) layer.

A method for transmitting data in flexible Ethernet (FlexE) and a device comprising transmitting data in FlexE whereby a first FlexE device receives, according to a first client calendar, data from a second FlexE device; the first FlexE device determines, based on an error data block in the data, that a first timeslot is damaged; the first FlexE device adds a timeslot damage notification to an overhead frame to be sent to the second FlexE device; the first FlexE device receives a second client calendar from the second FlexE device; and the first FlexE device receives, using the second client calendar, the data from the second FlexE device.

Disclosed herein is a method including receiving, from a user application, data to be transmitted from a source address to a destination address using a single connection through a network; and splitting the data into a plurality of packets according to a communication protocol. For each packet of the plurality of packets, a respective flowlet for the packet to be transmitted in is determined from a plurality of flowlets; a field in the packet used by a network switch of the network to route the packet is set based on the determined flowlet for the packet; and the packet is sent via the determined flowlet for transmitting through the network.