A method for determining a receiving status of a data frame and a first multi-link device. The method includes sending data frames to a second multi-link device over multiple links; receiving, over a first link in the multiple links, a block acknowledgment (BA) frame, where a bitmap in the BA frame indicates a receiving status of a data frame transmitted over the first link and indicates a receiving status of a data frame transmitted over a second link in the multiple links, and determining, based on a first time and a second time, a receiving status of a data frame corresponding to a first bit.

A low-latency, high-bandwidth, and highly scalable method delivers data from a source device to multiple communication devices on a communication network. Under this method, the communication devices (also called player nodes) provide download and upload bandwidths for each other. In this manner, the bandwidth requirement on the data source is significantly reduced. Such a data delivery network is scalable without limits with the number of player nodes. In one embodiment, a computer network includes (a) a source server that provides a data stream for delivery in the computer network, (b) player nodes that exchange data with each other to obtain a complete copy of the data stream, the network nodes being capable of dynamically joining or exiting the computer network, and (c) a control server which maintains a topology graph representing connections between the source server and the player nodes, and the connections among the player nodes themselves. In one embodiment, the control server is associated with a network address (e.g., an IP address) known to both the source server and the player nodes. The data stream may include, for example, a real-time broadcast of a sports event.

A low-latency, high-bandwidth, and highly scalable method delivers data from a source device to multiple communication devices on a communication network. Under this method, the communication devices (also called player nodes) provide download and upload bandwidths for each other. In this manner, the bandwidth requirement on the data source is significantly reduced. Such a data delivery network is scalable without limits with the number of player nodes. In one embodiment, a computer network includes (a) a source server that provides a data stream for delivery in the computer network, (b) player nodes that exchange data with each other to obtain a complete copy of the data stream, the network nodes being capable of dynamically joining or exiting the computer network, and (c) a control server which maintains a topology graph representing connections between the source server and the player nodes, and the connections among the player nodes themselves. In one embodiment, the control server is associated with a network address (e.g., an IP address) known to both the source server and the player nodes. The data stream may include, for example, a real-time broadcast of a sports event.

A method performed by a computing device for controlling a P2P connection according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes obtaining network information of a current path for transmitting and receiving data, calculating requested data quality of the current path by using the network information, and changing a network path to an alternative path by using previously stored data quality history information of the alternative path when a difference between a predetermined highest data quality and the requested data quality of the current path is equal to or greater than a reference value.

Techniques for configuring and processing control path commands may include: partitioning control path components of a control path into a plurality of portions; performing first processing that configures a federation of a plurality of appliances, wherein each of the plurality of appliances includes a plurality of processing nodes, and wherein the first processing includes: for each of the plurality of appliances, configuring each of the plurality of processing nodes of said each appliance to run one portion of the plurality of portions of control path components; and selecting one of the plurality of appliances as a primary appliance of the federation; receiving a first management command at the primary appliance of the federation; and servicing the first management command by one or more of the plurality of appliances of the federation.

A method includes transmitting packets of first and second traffic subflows via a first radio bearer to a second device; detecting that further packets of the second traffic subflow are to be transmitted via a second radio bearer to the second device; and transmitting a packet data unit via the first radio bearer to the second device, wherein the packet data unit includes an indication of a switch of the second traffic flow. Another method includes receiving from a first device packets of first and second traffic subflows via a first radio bearer; receiving from the first device a packet data unit including an indication that further packets of the second traffic subflow are to be received via a second radio bearer; establishing the second radio bearer between a second device and the first device; and receiving the further packets of the second traffic flow via the second radio bearer.

Disclosed are a method and device for responding to data received by multiple links. The method includes that: a message initiator sends an Add Block ACK (ADDBA) request message to a message responder on multiple links respectively; the message initiator receives an ADDBA response message sent by the message responder on multiple links respectively, the ADDBA response message containing the parameter ML-BA Policy which indicates that the message responder allows usage modes of a multi-link collaborative block acknowledgement policy; and the message initiator sends a converged packet to the message responder on multiple links respectively.

Techniques are provided for reducing signaling latency in multi-link devices (MLDs). An example method of providing latency sensitive information with a MLD includes receiving downlink data packets from a station via a first radio link, performing radio frequency sensing with a second radio link, detecting a latency sensitive event, and transmitting an indication of the latency sensitive event.

A method comprises transferring information that includes a response uniform resource locator (URL) between a primary device and a secondary device using a primary communication channel between the primary device and the secondary device; determining, using the secondary device, status of connectivity of a network separate from the primary communication channel; transmitting, by the secondary device, a response to a request from the primary device via the network using the response URL when the status indicates the network is available, and transmitting the response via the primary communication channel when the status indicates the network is unavailable.

In a wireless local area network system, a reception multi-link device (MLD) may not transmit a CTS frame, even if the reception multi-link device receives an RTS frame via a second link, in the case that an STA operating via a first link is a TXOP responder.