Apparatus and methods are provided for LWA uplink routing. In one novel aspect, signaling of an address from the eNB to the UE to enable the UE to populate Address-3 of the MAC header to enable layer-2 forwarding of uplink LWA PDUs from the WLAN AP to an appropriate network entity that implements part or the whole WT functionalities. In one embodiment, the network entity is a WT node, or the eNB or a node aggregating multiple connections to a WT node. In one embodiment, the RRC signaling is used to send the WT node MAC address where the RRC signaling message is a PDCP-Config message or a WLAN-MobilityConfig message. In one embodiment, multiple WT nodes are connected with the WLAN AP. The eNB selects one WT node or the UE selects one WT node to populate the address-3 of the MAC header.

A transmitting device generates multiple small packets for a large packet and transmits them to a receiving device. Routing devices forward the multiple small packets to the receiving device. Each of the smaller packets, except the last packet, has a sequence indicator set. As a result, the receiving device is able to determine that each of the smaller packets is part of a larger packet and buffer the smaller packets or their payloads. When the last packet is received, the larger packet is complete and may be processed by the receiving device. The routing devices delay requests from other transmitting devices to transmit data to the receiving device until the last packet is sent to the receiving device. The routing devices may continue to route traffic to the receiving device on all virtual channels other than a virtual channel being used for the large packet.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a key processing method in dual connectivity mode and a device, which ensure communication security of UE in dual connectivity mode. The method according to the embodiments of the present invention includes: of a first base station and a second base station that have a communication connection to a terminal each, receiving, by the second base station, first request information sent by the first base station, where the first request information is used to request the second base station to generate a key used for communication with the terminal, and generating, by the second base station based on a security key carried in the first request information, the key used for communication with the terminal.

Embodiments of the present invention disclose a key processing method in dual connectivity mode and a device, which ensure communication security of UE in dual connectivity mode. The method according to the embodiments of the present invention includes: of a first base station and a second base station that have a communication connection to a terminal each, receiving, by the second base station, first request information sent by the first base station, where the first request information is used to request the second base station to generate a key used for communication with the terminal, and generating, by the second base station based on a security key carried in the first request information, the key used for communication with the terminal.

An electronic device and other electronic device include a first and second port that utilizes a parallel redundancy protocol in a communications network including a first and second lane. The devices include a processing circuit, a PRP handler, a protocol stack, a memory, permanent storage accessible by the processing circuit, and transmit and receive circuitry for transmitting and receiving packets. A redundancy manager is for identifying path faults in the network. The processing circuit implements a method of detecting network path fault, including the other electronic device transmitting a frame pair over the first lane and second lane. The electronic device receives the frame pair and implements a receive processing flow, when the first frame or the second frame is identified to be a redundant frame, removes the redundant frame, and compares a first frame parameter to a second frame parameter to determine when the path fault is present.

Examples of systems and methods for network proxy server for energy efficient video streaming on mobile devices are generally described herein. A proxy server to deliver video content may include a communication module to intercept a request for video content from a mobile device, the request for video content intended for a content server and forward a modified request for the video content to the content server. The communication module may receive the video content from the content server and transfer a portion of the video content to the mobile device using a multipath transport protocol.

A method of handling multipath connections in a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN). The method comprising the steps of determining within the PLMN that a path, established across the PLMN, is a backup path of a multipath connection and providing an explicit indication to one or more nodes within the PLMN that the path is a backup path using a protocol layer that is otherwise unaware of the multipath connection. The method further comprises the step of, at the or each notified node, applying a handling to the path that is differentiated from the handling of non-backup paths.

The present disclosure relates to a method performed in a radio communications network which is configured to enable multipath communication. The method comprises providing an explicit indication that a path within a multipath connection is a backup path prior to establishment on or handover to a radio link of the backup path, transmission of the explicit indication to the base station, where it is interpreted. This allows an early indication that the path is a backup path and allows the base station to handle and prioritise use of radio network resources and/or connection characteristics for the radio link. The explicit indication may be in the radio level signalling or in handover signalling.

A method of managing a multipath TCP (MPTCP) connection includes establishing the MPTCP connection as a logical connection between end-points that utilizes multiple network paths with one TCP subflow per network path. At least two subflows of the MPTCP connection are terminated at different end-points.

A method for creating a supplementary subflow as a supplement to a subflow existing in a multipath network connection using a transport protocol suited to a multipath communication mode. The multipath network connection is implemented in a network comprising a source using said multipath network connection for communicating with a receiver via an intermediate network component. Following an opening of an intermediate communication path between the intermediate network component and the receiver, said intermediate network component implements the following steps: obtaining a packet intended for the source; creating a header representing a request to create said supplementary data packet subflow, the supplementary data packet subflow being intended to use the intermediate communication link; inserting said header in said packet; and transmitting said packet to the source so as to cause the initiation, by the source, of a procedure for creating said supplementary data packet subflow.