A method for transmitting broadcast signals, includes encapsulating input packets including Internet Protocol (IP) packets or Transport Stream (TS) packets into link layer packets in a link layer, each header of the link layer packets including packet type information representing a type of the input packets in a payload of each link layer packet and payload configuration information representing a configuration of the payload of each link layer packet, wherein for a first link layer packet including a single packet, the payload configuration information of the header in the first link layer packet has a value representing that the first link layer packet carries the single packet, the header further includes header mode information representing a length related to the first link layer packet.

The present technology relates to a transmission apparatus, a transmission method, a reception apparatus, and a reception method that enable channel selection information and time information to be transmitted effectively. A transmission apparatus acquires channel selection information for selecting a service and time information used for synchronizations on a transmission side and a reception side, generates, as a physical layer frame constituted of a preamble and a data portion, the physical layer frame in which specific information including at least one of the channel selection information and the time information is arranged at a head of the data portion right after the preamble, and transmits the physical layer frame as digital broadcast signals. The present technology is applicable to IP packet broadcasting, for example.

The present technology relates to a transmission apparatus, a transmission method, a reception apparatus, and a reception method that enable channel selection information and time information to be transmitted effectively. A transmission apparatus acquires channel selection information for selecting a service and time information used for synchronizations on a transmission side and a reception side, generates, as a physical layer frame constituted of a preamble and a data portion, the physical layer frame in which specific information including at least one of the channel selection information and the time information is arranged at a head of the data portion right after the preamble, and transmits the physical layer frame as digital broadcast signals. The present technology is applicable to IP packet broadcasting, for example.

A method of identity authentication for VoIP call, used for a first communication device supporting SIP and blockchain transmission technology, the method comprising: requesting an identity signature from a second communication device during a SIP call establishment, receiving the identity signature transmitted by the second communication device, wherein the identity signature is generated by the second communication device according to a private key, querying a public key corresponding to the identity signature from a blockchain server, utilizing the public key to verify the identity signature when obtaining the public key from the blockchain server, so as to generate a verification result, and determining to continue or terminate the SIP call establishment based on the verification result.

A method of identity authentication for VoIP call, used for a first communication device supporting SIP and blockchain transmission technology, the method comprising: requesting an identity signature from a second communication device during a SIP call establishment, receiving the identity signature transmitted by the second communication device, wherein the identity signature is generated by the second communication device according to a private key, querying a public key corresponding to the identity signature from a blockchain server, utilizing the public key to verify the identity signature when obtaining the public key from the blockchain server, so as to generate a verification result, and determining to continue or terminate the SIP call establishment based on the verification result.

A receiving device including a receiver and circuitry is provided. The receiver is configured to receive a digital broadcast signal transmitted using an Internet Protocol (IP) transmission method. The digital broadcast signal includes Layered Coding Transport (LCT) packets. The circuitry is configured to extract one of the LCT packets based on filtering information arranged in a header of the one of the LCT packets transmitted in a first layer that is higher than an IP layer of a protocol of the IP transmission method in the digital broadcast signal, and process first signaling data contained in the one of the LCT packets. The LCT packets are transmitted using a session of the first layer. The filtering information includes compression information indicating compression/no-compression of the first signaling data, and type information indicating a type of the first signaling data.

A receiving device including a receiver and circuitry is provided. The receiver is configured to receive a digital broadcast signal transmitted using an Internet Protocol (IP) transmission method. The digital broadcast signal includes Layered Coding Transport (LCT) packets. The circuitry is configured to extract one of the LCT packets based on filtering information arranged in a header of the one of the LCT packets transmitted in a first layer that is higher than an IP layer of a protocol of the IP transmission method in the digital broadcast signal, and process first signaling data contained in the one of the LCT packets. The LCT packets are transmitted using a session of the first layer. The filtering information includes compression information indicating compression/no-compression of the first signaling data, and type information indicating a type of the first signaling data.

Data migrations are not able to be identified or traced through a switched network to their originating hub, because the corresponding TCP/IP data stream goes through a plurality of optimized differential switches and the originating IP in the packet header gets replaced at each switch. The present invention provides a mechanism to introduce a lag or a jitter into the IP to label the migrated data. The labeled data are able to be traced and identified through multiple managed hubs and/or switches.

Data migrations are not able to be identified or traced through a switched network to their originating hub, because the corresponding TCP/IP data stream goes through a plurality of optimized differential switches and the originating IP in the packet header gets replaced at each switch. The present invention provides a mechanism to introduce a lag or a jitter into the IP to label the migrated data. The labeled data are able to be traced and identified through multiple managed hubs and/or switches.

A method for transport of messages includes: based on relay-flag information being set to the first value, sending a message directly from a sending network node to a receiving network node, and sending an acknowledgement message directly from the receiving network node to the sending network node; based on relay-flag information being set to the second value, relaying a message from the sending network node via a third network node to the receiving network node, and sending an acknowledgement message directly from the receiving network node to the sending network node; and based on relay-flag information being set to the third value, relaying a message from the sending network node via a third network node to the receiving network node, and relaying an acknowledgement message from the receiving network node via the third network node to the sending network node.