Certain tasks related to processing layer 7 (L7) data streams, such as HTTP data streams, can be performed by an L7 assist circuit instead of by general-purpose CPUs. The L7 assist circuit can normalize URLs, Huffman decode, Huffman encode, and generate hashes of normalized URLs. A L7 data stream, which is reassembled from received network packets, includes an L7 header. L7 assist produces an augmented L7 header that is added to the L7 data stream. The CPUs can use the augmented L7 header, thereby speeding up processing. On the outbound path, L7 assist can remove the augmented L7 header and perform Huffman encoding such that the CPUs can perform other tasks.

According to various embodiments, a reception STA may receive a PPDU. The PPDU may comprise a first signal field and a second signal field. The first signal field may comprise a plurality of first content channels and a plurality of second content channels. The second signal field may comprise a third content channel and a fourth content channel.

According to various embodiments, a reception STA may receive a PPDU. The PPDU may comprise a first signal field and a second signal field. The first signal field may comprise a plurality of first content channels and a plurality of second content channels. The second signal field may comprise a third content channel and a fourth content channel.

This application provides a traffic flow identification method and apparatus, and a model generation method and apparatus. The traffic flow identification method includes: A first device obtains a to-be-identified traffic flow, collects statistics about packet header information in the to-be-identified traffic flow in a preset time window, to obtain to-be-identified packet header statistics information, and obtains to-be-identified terminal-side information based on the to-be-identified traffic flow. Further, the first device determines a type of the to-be-identified traffic flow based on the to-be-identified terminal-side information and the to-be-identified packet header statistics information by using a traffic flow identification model. Therefore, the first device can fully consider, by using the traffic flow identification model, attribute information of a device associated with the traffic flow, to improve an identification rate of the type of the traffic flow, and ensure an identification effect of the type of the traffic flow.

The present disclosure discloses system and method for managing operations of one or more applications on an electronic device. The method includes monitoring at predefined instants, device parameters associated with the electronic device and user parameters associated with usage of a plurality of applications in the electronic device. Application usage pattern is identified based on the device parameters and the user parameters using predefined techniques. Further, the one or more applications may be clustered into one or more groups using a real-time learning model stored in the electronic device. The learning model is trained dynamically based on the application usage pattern for clustering. The operations of the one or more applications are managed on the electronic device based on the one or more clustered groups.

The disclosure provides a method and a system for improving throughput in wireless communication. The system divides data link layers and/or a physical layer of a network entity and a UE based on a number of parallel data processing supported by the UE. Further, data is processed through the divided set of data link layers and/or the physical layer in parallel and independently for significantly improving the throughput in the UE and the network entity.

A packet sending method includes: A first device obtains geographical location information of the first device, and generates a first Internet Protocol version 6 IPv6 packet, where the first IPv6 packet carries the geographical location information of the first device; and the first device sends the first IPv6 packet.

A Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)-based data transmission method and apparatus includes a first node that encapsulates data into a transaction layer packet (TLP) and then sends the TLP to a second node, where the TLP includes a packet header part, a first field and a second field of the packet header part that are used to indicate first encapsulation information, and the first encapsulation information includes a data type of the data and at least one encapsulation parameter corresponding to the data type.t The first field and the second field are used to indicate the information required for transmitting the data, so that the endpoints can communicate with each other even if the root is not used.

A Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe)-based data transmission method and apparatus includes a first node that encapsulates data into a transaction layer packet (TLP) and then sends the TLP to a second node, where the TLP includes a packet header part, a first field and a second field of the packet header part that are used to indicate first encapsulation information, and the first encapsulation information includes a data type of the data and at least one encapsulation parameter corresponding to the data type.t The first field and the second field are used to indicate the information required for transmitting the data, so that the endpoints can communicate with each other even if the root is not used.

In various embodiments, the techniques and supporting systems implement a recursive routing mechanism in hierarchical topological addressed environments to analyze and determine the presence of packet-forwarding errors within an IP network comprising a plurality of network-connected devices. This includes receiving, at a software defined network device, an indication of a potential packet-forwarding error between a first and second device of the plurality of network-connected devices and injecting, by the software defined network device, a test packet at an ingress to the first device. The test packet includes an initial ingress interface location identifying the first device, an alternate ingress interface location identifying the software defined network device and an egress interface location identifying the second device. A determination may then be made as to whether the test packet is received at the second device, thus indicating the existence or lack of routing errors.

A server in a blockchain distribution network includes a processor and a transceiver operatively coupled to the processor. The transceiver is configured to receive bytes of a transaction from a first peer node. The transceiver is also configured to propagate the bytes of the transaction to one or more additional peer nodes and to one or more additional servers in the blockchain distribution network. The transceiver is also configured to receive bytes of a blockchain from a second peer node. The blockchain includes information regarding a plurality of transactions, and the plurality of transactions includes the transaction. The transceiver is further configured to propagate the bytes of the blockchain to the one or more additional peer nodes and to the one or more additional servers in the blockchain distribution network.