In an 802.11be wireless system, data units are generated for transmission by configuring a transmitting device to process encoding parameters, including a first encoding parameter N.sub.SD and a second encoding parameter N.sub.SD,short, to select a padding boundary from pre-defined padding boundaries in the last symbol that will most closely include the number of information bits N.sub.EXCESS in the last symbol and to append padding bits to the number of information bits N.sub.EXCESS to fill up to the selected padding boundary in the last symbol, thereby generating pre-encoded data bits which are encoded for data transmission, where at least the first encoding parameter N.sub.SD is specified for an aggregated resource unit size that is allowed under the 802.11be protocol as a sum of N.sub.SD values for at two other resource units.

A network device receives a first configuration management message from a first network element, where the first configuration management message has a first data format. The network device translates the first configuration management message from the first data format to a Common Network Data (CND) model format to produce a first translated message, where the CND model format comprises a graph schema based on nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store configuration management message data. The network device stores the first translated message in a CND model format data structure for subsequent use in message querying, message comparison, message anomaly detection, or message discrepancy detection.

A network device receives a first configuration management message from a first network element, where the first configuration management message has a first data format. The network device translates the first configuration management message from the first data format to a Common Network Data (CND) model format to produce a first translated message, where the CND model format comprises a graph schema based on nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store configuration management message data. The network device stores the first translated message in a CND model format data structure for subsequent use in message querying, message comparison, message anomaly detection, or message discrepancy detection.

A transfer device for coupling a priority signal and a standard signal and transferring the signal includes a reception unit that receives a plurality of signals transmitted from a device connected to an opposite side of a transfer route, a separation unit that separates the signal into the priority signal and the standard signal, a signal defragmentation unit that defragments the plurality of standard signals, a multiplexing unit that multiplexes each of the priority signal and the standard signal, a priority control unit that determines a transfer order of the signals, a header information copy unit that copy header information of the standard signal, a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a device connected to the transfer route, an interrupt transfer processing unit that perform an interruption process when the priority signal arrives during the transfer of the standard signal, a signal fragmentation unit that fragments the standard signal, a header information assignment unit that assigns the header information to the standard signal, and a transmission delaying unit that delays the transfer of the standard signal until the priority signal has been transferred.

A transfer device for coupling a priority signal and a standard signal and transferring the signal includes a reception unit that receives a plurality of signals transmitted from a device connected to an opposite side of a transfer route, a separation unit that separates the signal into the priority signal and the standard signal, a signal defragmentation unit that defragments the plurality of standard signals, a multiplexing unit that multiplexes each of the priority signal and the standard signal, a priority control unit that determines a transfer order of the signals, a header information copy unit that copy header information of the standard signal, a transmission unit that transmits the signal to a device connected to the transfer route, an interrupt transfer processing unit that perform an interruption process when the priority signal arrives during the transfer of the standard signal, a signal fragmentation unit that fragments the standard signal, a header information assignment unit that assigns the header information to the standard signal, and a transmission delaying unit that delays the transfer of the standard signal until the priority signal has been transferred.

A method for a bus node includes receiving a first frame via a first data channel. The first frame includes a first header field having first header data and a first payload field having first payload data. The method further includes implementing a read operation at a read address determined by the first header data, and generating a second frame containing at least a second payload field having second payload data. The latter are based on the data read when implementing the read operation. The method further includes transmitting the second frame via a second data channel simultaneously with receiving the first frame via the first data channel, and implementing a write operation on the basis of the first payload data.

A method for a bus node includes receiving a first frame via a first data channel. The first frame includes a first header field having first header data and a first payload field having first payload data. The method further includes implementing a read operation at a read address determined by the first header data, and generating a second frame containing at least a second payload field having second payload data. The latter are based on the data read when implementing the read operation. The method further includes transmitting the second frame via a second data channel simultaneously with receiving the first frame via the first data channel, and implementing a write operation on the basis of the first payload data.

A method, an apparatus, and a system for collecting an access control list (ACL), where a second network device receives a first link-state advertisement (LSA) packet flooded by a first network device, where the first LSA packet includes a first network device identifier and first ACL information, and the first network device and the second network device belong to a same Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) area, and sends an extended first Border Gateway Protocol-Link State (BGP-LS) packet to a controller, where the extended first BGP-LS packet includes the first network device identifier and the first ACL information such that the controller can collect ACL information of the first network device and manage the ACL information of the first network device.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enablement of a service function chain based on a software defined network. In some embodiments, there is provided a method implemented at a service function chain controller. The method comprises creating a service function chain for a packet, the service function chain comprising a set of ordered service functions that are to process the packet; and configuring respective forwarding rules associated with the service function chain directly or indirectly to a plurality of network nodes in a software defined network, the respective forwarding rules indicating how the plurality of network nodes forward the packet to the set of ordered service functions in the service function chain. In this way, it is possible to enable the service function chain in the software defined network.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to enablement of a service function chain based on a software defined network. In some embodiments, there is provided a method implemented at a service function chain controller. The method comprises creating a service function chain for a packet, the service function chain comprising a set of ordered service functions that are to process the packet; and configuring respective forwarding rules associated with the service function chain directly or indirectly to a plurality of network nodes in a software defined network, the respective forwarding rules indicating how the plurality of network nodes forward the packet to the set of ordered service functions in the service function chain. In this way, it is possible to enable the service function chain in the software defined network.