A method includes building a wireless packet that includes a preamble that is compliant with a first wireless communication protocol and is forward compatible with a second wireless communication protocol that is different than the first wireless communication protocol. Building the wireless packet includes building the preamble with a first subset of bits that are specified in both the first wireless communication protocol and the second wireless communication protocol, the first subset of bits including one or more media access control (MAC) layer characteristics. Building the wireless packet includes building the preamble with a second subset of bits that are specified in the first wireless communication protocol exclusive of the second wireless communication protocol. The method further includes transmitting the wireless packet to one or more receiver nodes.

A method includes building a wireless packet that includes a preamble that is compliant with a first wireless communication protocol and is forward compatible with a second wireless communication protocol that is different than the first wireless communication protocol. Building the wireless packet includes building the preamble with a first subset of bits that are specified in both the first wireless communication protocol and the second wireless communication protocol, the first subset of bits including one or more media access control (MAC) layer characteristics. Building the wireless packet includes building the preamble with a second subset of bits that are specified in the first wireless communication protocol exclusive of the second wireless communication protocol. The method further includes transmitting the wireless packet to one or more receiver nodes.

Provided are a data forwarding method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium. The data forwarding method includes: in response to receiving a user access request, encapsulating a meta array of a first communication node and an original access control message to obtain a first access control message; and forwarding the first access control message to a second communication node according to a pre-orchestrated path.

Provided are a data forwarding method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium. The data forwarding method includes: in response to receiving a user access request, encapsulating a meta array of a first communication node and an original access control message to obtain a first access control message; and forwarding the first access control message to a second communication node according to a pre-orchestrated path.

A communication method and apparatus relating to the field of communication technologies. The method includes a network device receives at least two packets, and aggregates the at least two packets to obtain aggregated packets. Messages to which the at least two packets separately belong have a same message index. The message index is used to index the messages to which the at least two packets separately belong. In the communication method provided in this application, the network device is used to implement aggregation processing, to reduce a communication delay and data redundancy in a communication network.

A communication method and apparatus relating to the field of communication technologies. The method includes a network device receives at least two packets, and aggregates the at least two packets to obtain aggregated packets. Messages to which the at least two packets separately belong have a same message index. The message index is used to index the messages to which the at least two packets separately belong. In the communication method provided in this application, the network device is used to implement aggregation processing, to reduce a communication delay and data redundancy in a communication network.

A forwarding information obtaining device and method, the method including obtaining, by a first device in response to congestion in a first queue, a service parameter identifier of a first packet buffered in the first queue, where the service parameter identifier indicates a parameter used to forward the first packet, and performing, by the first device, a first operation based on the service parameter identifier, where the first operation is performed to relieve the congestion of the first queue.

A method for providing a translating virtual network function by a network element. The method comprises receiving by the network element a first Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) message of a plurality of PFCP messages at a first Internet Protocol (IP) address of a plurality of IP addresses of the network element, the first IP address corresponding to a first Session Management Function (SMF) of one or more SMFs, selecting by the network element a translation method based on the first IP address on which the first PFCP message was received, translating by the network element the first PFCP message using the selected translation method into a function-based model representation of the first PFCP message, and configuring by the network element a network interface controller to implement, based on the representation of the first PFCP message, a protocol data unit (PDU) session.

A method for providing a translating virtual network function by a network element. The method comprises receiving by the network element a first Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) message of a plurality of PFCP messages at a first Internet Protocol (IP) address of a plurality of IP addresses of the network element, the first IP address corresponding to a first Session Management Function (SMF) of one or more SMFs, selecting by the network element a translation method based on the first IP address on which the first PFCP message was received, translating by the network element the first PFCP message using the selected translation method into a function-based model representation of the first PFCP message, and configuring by the network element a network interface controller to implement, based on the representation of the first PFCP message, a protocol data unit (PDU) session.

Described herein is a method for detecting systematic communications in a communications network (10, 30). The method comprises repeating the following steps for each data packet (DP) of a sequence of a plurality of data packets (DP) sent through the communication network (10, 30) from a respective source to a respective destination:

obtaining (1002, 1004) metadata (MD) of the data packet (DP), wherein the metadata (MD) include both data that identify the source and/or the destination and data that identify a sending time (t) when the data packet (DP) has been sent;

verifying (1022) whether the data packet (DP) belongs to a specific type of communication by checking whether the metadata (MD) indicate the fact that the data packet (DP) has been sent by a given source and/or received by a given destination, and in the case where the metadata (MD) indicate that the data packet (DP) has been sent by a given source and/or is received by a given destination, computing (1024) a value of variance for the given type of communication; and

comparing (1012) the value of variance with a threshold (TH), and in the case where the value of variance is less than the threshold, generating (1014) a notification that indicates the fact that the given type of communication is systematic.

In particular, the value of variance is calculated by means of an iterative procedure.