The disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for data transmission, wherein the apparatus has at least one terminal interface for data transmission between the apparatus and a terminal, wherein the apparatus has at least one base station interface for data transmission between the apparatus and the base station, wherein the data transmission between the terminal and the apparatus is effected in a device-to-device communication, characterized in that the apparatus is in the form of a relay apparatus for a data transmission between a terminal and the base station, wherein the same standard is used for the data transmission between the apparatus and the terminal as for the data transmission between the apparatus and the base station, the standard being a mobile radio standard, and to a vehicle.

Generating, by a cloud-based system, a plurality of data infrastructure slices, each of the plurality of data infrastructure slices including a respective service; storing, by the cloud-based system, the plurality of data infrastructure slices; selecting, by the cloud-based server, at least two data infrastructure slices of the plurality of stored data infrastructure slices; generating, by the cloud-based system in response to the selection of the at least two data infrastructure slices of the plurality of data infrastructure slices, a data infrastructure stack comprising the selected stored data infrastructure slices, the data infrastructure stack capable of being executed in different third-party entity accounts of an on-demand cloud-computing platform; and deploying, by the cloud-based system, the data infrastructure stack in a particular third-party entity account of the on-demand cloud-computing platform.

For connection establishment, a system allocates memory that will be occupied by the data and handshake sub-protocol infrastructure that facilitates establishing a TLS connection. After connection establishment, the system allocates memory space for the data and record sub-protocol infrastructure that facilitates the asynchronous communication of application traffic. The memory space for the TLS session (i.e., the communication information separate from the handshake) has a substantially smaller footprint than the memory space for the TLS handshake. The TLS handshake memory space can be released and recycled for other connections while application communications use the smaller memory space allocated and populated with the TLS session data and infrastructure.

If the sequence of a traffic of a first communication link from a communication apparatus to another communication apparatus includes a traffic of a second communication link from that another communication apparatus to a communication apparatus, latency is reduced, thereby saving processing time. If, after data is transmitted from a communication apparatus to another communication apparatus by the upper layer, a data receive response signal is required from that another communication apparatus to the communication apparatus, a predetermined frame including transmission grant information for that another communication apparatus to transmit the receive response signal and data is generated in the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus transmits this generated frame to that another communication apparatus. That is, data and transmission grant information are transmitted from the communication apparatus to that another communication apparatus as a predetermined frame.

A data processing system has a poll mode driver and a library supporting protocol processing. The poll mode driver and the library are non-operating system functionalities. An application is provided. An operation system is configured while executing in kernel mode and in response to the application being determined to be unresponsive, use a helper process being an operating system functionality executing at user-mode to cause a receive or transmit mode of the application to continue.

A network node obtains (302) a message to be transmitted as a public warning system notification to multiple UEs, via one or more SIBs, and obtains (304) area information corresponding to the message. The area information indicates an area for which the message is relevant. The network node determines (306) how many SIBs are needed for transmitting the area information and segments (308) the message into a plurality of segments, based on how many SIBs are needed for transmitting the area information. The network node transmits (310) the message and the area information via SIBs, such that a segment of the message is included in each SIB and such that each portion of the area information included in a SIB is accompanied by a segment of the message. A UE receives the SIBs and assembles the message and area information, displaying the message if it is relevant.

Some embodiments establish for an entity a virtual network over several public clouds of several public cloud providers and/or in several regions. In some embodiments, the virtual network is an overlay network that spans across several public clouds to interconnect one or more private networks (e.g., networks within branches, divisions, departments of the entity or their associated datacenters), mobile users, and SaaS (Software as a Service) provider machines, and other web applications of the entity. The virtual network in some embodiments can be configured to optimize the routing of the entity's data messages to their destinations for best end-to-end performance, reliability and security, while trying to minimize the routing of this traffic through the Internet. Also, the virtual network in some embodiments can be configured to optimize the layer 4 processing of the data message flows passing through the network.

An apparatus is provided which comprises at least one processor, at least one memory including computer program code, and the at least one processor, with the at least one memory and the computer program code, being arranged to cause the apparatus to at least perform providing information concerning multiple networks to at least one application, receiving instructions from the application, and managing traffic relating to the at least one application on the multiple networks based on the instructions received from the application.

Multiple virtual private network connections to be created without the need for administrative privileges, and network traffic to be routed using a single virtual adapter instead of a dedicated virtual adapter for each virtual network connection.

In one embodiment, a method according to the present disclosure includes receiving a topology change advertisement at a remote core edge node and performing a network address information removal operation. The topology change advertisement is received from a core edge node that is in communication with an access network. The topology change advertisement indicates that a topology change has occurred in the access network. The network address information removal operation removes network address information stored by the remote core edge node. The network address information is used by the remote core edge node in participating in communications with the core edge node.