A first computer is selected for testing. Information sent from a second computer system to the first computer is intercepted. The information is modified to be noncompliant with a communication protocol, thereby producing noncompliant information. A determination is made whether the first computer device has failed to provide a particular response to receipt of the noncompliant information, and an operation is performed based at least in part on the determination.

An example operation may include one or more of monitoring, by an adaptive traffic engine, transactions data of a blockchain, detecting, by the adaptive traffic engine, a transaction commit event time out in a blockchain, determining, by the adaptive traffic engine, a processing queue of a the blockchain, measuring, by the adaptive traffic engine, a sending rate of the blockchain, and adjusting the sending rate, by the adaptive traffic engine, based on the transaction commit event time out, the processing queue and the sending rate to optimize performance of the blockchain.

A system, method and elliptic curve cryptography scheme having a fault injection attack resistant protocol. The cryptographic scheme has a first arithmetic operation having at least one of a single input bit, a single output bit, or a single output bit-string that is vulnerable to a fault injection attack. The protocol includes: performing a first arithmetic operation to determine a first output; performing a second arithmetic operation to determine a second output, the second arithmetic operation being a variant of the first arithmetic operation; and comparing the first output and the second output, and if the comparison is incompatible, outputting an invalidity condition, otherwise, outputting the first output.

An analysis system that is able to obtain correct encryption key is provided. The analysis system includes a processing circuitry configured to function as a cryptanalysis processing unit. The cryptanalysis processing unit includes: a key candidate extraction unit that is configured to extract, from second data, one or more candidates of key data that include an encryption key that enables to decrypt first data encrypted by a specific encryption scheme, based on data indicating a feature of the key data; and a decryption unit that is configured to extract, from the extracted candidates of key data, correct key data that enables to correctly decrypt the encrypted first data, based on a result of decrypting the first data by use of the extracted candidates of key data.

Various systems and methods for implementing secure system-on-chip (SoC) debugging are described herein. A method of providing secure system-on-a-chip (SoC) debugging, comprises: receiving, from a remote host at a debug companion circuit, a debug initiation request to initiate a debugging session with an SoC associated with the debug companion circuit; encrypting, at the debug companion circuit, a debug handshake command; transmitting the debug handshake command to the SoC from the debug companion circuit, wherein the SoC is configured to authenticate the debug companion circuit, and configure intellectual property (IP) blocks on the SoC to expose debug data to the debug companion circuit in response to authenticating the debug companion circuit; and managing a secure connection with the SoC to obtain debug data and report the debug data to the remote host.

The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for configuring, enforcing, and monitoring separation of trusted execution environments. Firmware images consistent with configuration of multiple separate execution domains can be generated without requiring changes to existing application source code. A cryptographically signed firmware image can be loaded at a processor to form multiple separate execution domains at the processor. Communications can be secured across separate execution domains without using shared memory.

A method and circuit for an Automatic Self Checking and Healing (ASCH) of Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs), the method includes: controlling a skew input added to each PUF cell of a PUF array in a circuit with sub-mV resolution; healing a portion of unstable bits of each PUF cells locally; and performing a second self-checking on healed PUF cells to determine final PUF cells to discard. The method further includes performing at least one of a static operation mode, a dynamic operation mode, and a hybrid operation mode of ASCH stabilization system based on design needs to reconfigure and mask the PUF array to achieve less than 1E-8 Bit Error Rate (BER) with less than 25% masking ratio. The circuit includes the skew input, a self-checking controller, a high-speed readout, a validity detector, and a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). Further, each PUF cell in the PUF array is an inverter-based PUF and includes a first stage inverter and a second stage inverter such that the second stage inverter includes other stages except the first stage inverter.

Methods and apparatus for using characterized devices such as memories. In one embodiment, characterized memories are associated with a range of performances over a range of operational parameters. The characterized memories can be used in conjunction with a solution density function to optimize memory searching. In one exemplary embodiment, a cryptocurrency miner can utilize characterized memories to generate memory hard proof-of-work (POW). The results may be further validated against general compute memories; such that only valid solutions are broadcasted to the mining community. In one embodiment, the validation mechanism is implemented for a plurality of searching apparatus in parallel to provide a more distributed and efficient approach. Various other applications for characterized memories are also described in greater detail herein (e.g., blockchain, social media, machine learning, probabilistic applications and other error-tolerant applications).

An example operation may include one or more of dividing a data file into a plurality of data chunks, generating a randomness value for each data chunk based on one or more predefined randomness tests, and accumulating generated randomness values of the plurality of data chunks to generate an accumulated randomness value, detecting whether the data file is one or more of encrypted and compressed based on the accumulated randomness value and a predetermined threshold value, and storing information about the detection via a storage.

Systems, apparatus, methods, and techniques for functional safe execution of encryption operations are provided. A fault tolerant counter and a complementary pair of encryption flows are provided. The fault tolerant counter may be based on a gray code counter and a hamming distance checker. The complementary pair of encryption flows have different implementations. The output from the complementary pair of encryption flows can be compared, and where different, errors generated.