A storage device that includes a non-volatile memory is provided. The non-volatile memory includes a control circuitry that is communicatively coupled to a memory block that includes memory cells arranged word lines. The control circuitry is configured to program the memory cells of a selected word line in a plurality of programming loops to store a single bit of data in each memory cell of the selected word line. The programming loops include programming operations and verify operations. The programming operations include applying a programming voltage to the selected word line, and the verify operations include applying a verify voltage to the selected word line. At least one programming loop of the plurality of programming loops further includes a pre-verify operation. The pre-verify operation includes applying a pre-read voltage to the selected word line. The pre-read voltage is less than the verify voltage.

A computer-implemented method of operating an electronic draw system, the method comprising: obtaining a bit sequence in one or more blocks of one or more different blockchains; generating a seed value based on the bit sequence in the one or more blocks of the one or more different blockchains; applying a random number generator algorithm to calculate a sequence of random numbers using the seed value as input; and converting the sequence of random numbers to an electronic drawing output of the electronic draw system.

To manage property records using a multi-layered hybrid distributed ledger architecture, identification information for a particular property is obtained and transmitted to at least one participant in a public distributed ledger network for a public distributed ledger layer. Ownership information for the same particular property is obtained and transmitted to at least one participant in a federated distributed ledger network for a federated distributed ledger layer. Transaction-related documents for the same particular property are obtained and transmitted to at least one participant in a private distributed ledger network for a private distributed ledger. The distributed ledger layers are different layers of a property distributed ledger each having a separate set of consensus rules for appending distributed ledger data to the respective layer. This allows for the immutable preservation of royalty terms and conditions for a property or asset using the distributed ledger.

A method for securing an interblockchain transaction includes receiving, from a first user application, a registration request including a first permissioned blockchain public key and a first permissionless blockchain public key. The method also includes performing, by the processing circuitry, receiving, from a second user application, a second registration request including a second permissioned blockchain public key and a second permissionless blockchain public key. The permissioned blockchain public keys are valid on the permissioned blockchain and the permissionless blockchain public keys are valid on the permissionless public blockchain. In addition, the method includes receiving, from the first user application, a transaction identification, the transaction identification identifying a first transfer transaction executed on the permissionless public blockchain. The transaction identification identifies the first and second permissionless blockchain public keys.

A computer-implemented method for maintaining crypto tokens of a first type. A smart contract from a distributed ledger defines a bonding curve being as a sequence of multiple curve segments. A creation or annul function of the smart contract may integrate a bonding curve starting from the current supply size to a new supply size to determine an amount of crypto tokens of a second type. The crypto tokens of the second type may be transferred to or from a pool associated with the smart contract, while crypto tokens of the first type may be transferred to a user or may be destroyed. The current supply size of first type tokens may be updated correspondingly.

A secure cryptocurrency transactional system for actuating transactions involving electronic gaming machines and cryptocurrency wallets.

A system for assigning value to a digital asset is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system is configured to link the monetary valuation for a digital asset to a sport team's performance. In some embodiments, the monetary valuation for a digital asset associated with a sport team can increase or decrease based on historical performance or live performance. In some embodiments, the system includes a dashboard that displays various sport teams and the value of associated digital assets. In some embodiments, the system includes functionality that allows a user to buy, sell, and/or trade digital assets associated with a sports team. In some embodiments, the system includes a digital wallet configured to store the digital asset and/or a crypto key that enables access to the digital asset on a blockchain. In some embodiments, the digital asset is a digital token or a digital coin.

To conduct a payment transaction at a merchant's point of sale using a mobile device, the mobile device initiates an authenticated communication session with a payment agent. The payment agent is an entity responsible for facilitating a payment transaction between the merchant and purchaser via their respective financial institutions. During the authenticated communication session, response to an input indicating the user of the mobile device wishes to make a payment, the mobile device generates a unique payment key that is based on at least one unique data of the mobile device. The mobile device transmits the payment key to the payment agent, and then transfers a copy of the payment key to the point of sale system. The merchant's payment system that transmits the payment key to the payment agent in a transaction request. The payment agent then verifies that the received payment key is the same as they received from the mobile device, and that the authenticated communication session is still valid, and then approves the transaction.

A federated-data-room server manages information about a collection of electronic documents residing elsewhere (under different organizational/customer control). The server can anchor documents to a blockchain, record usage history of each document, and provide access to the documents for authorized users. As a result, the federated-data-room server operates on customers' data, while leaving the data in control of the customers. At the same time, the federated-data-room server provides data access and enables traceability via blockchain recordation of document identifiers and document hash values.

A method and system are provided for validating a promotional token redeemed at a Point-of-Sale (PoS) terminal, can include receiving, at the Point of Sale (PoS) terminal located at a physical retail location, a promotional token ID from a mobile device associated with a customer. The promotional token ID can be configured to uniquely identify a promotional token to promote a consumer packaged good (CPG) distributed on a social media platform. A CPG is entered at the PoS terminal to determine a CPG ID configured to uniquely identify the CPG. Next, a validation request is generated. The validation request comprises the promotional token ID and the CPG ID. The validation request is then transferred to a server having access to a private blockchain ledger. Upon completion, the PoS terminal will receive, from the server, the redemption status for the promotional token ID based on information stored in the private blockchain ledger responsive to the validation request.