Encryption key exchange processes are disclosed. A disclosed method includes initiating communication between a portable communication device including a token and a first limited use encryption key, and an access device. After communication is initiated, the portable communication device receives a second limited use key from a remote server via the access device. The portable communication device then replaces the first limited use key with the second limited use key. The second limited use key is thereafter used to create access data such as cryptograms that can be used to conduct access transactions.

The present disclosure generally relates to electronic systems and computerized methods for verification of transacting parties to process transactions. A payment network server receives details of a transaction fulfilled by an agent and generates a transaction identification plaintext. A first party keyset for the first transacting party and an agent keyset for the agent is identified. The server generates cryptograms and ciphertexts encrypted by the first party keyset and agent keyset and sends the cryptograms to the first transacting party and agent. An encrypted cryptogram contains an encrypted ciphertext which contains a plaintext representing the transaction identification plaintext. The ciphertexts are exchanged between the first transacting party and agent by a computer handshake for decryption. The plaintexts are extracted from the ciphertexts and compared against the transaction identification plaintext for verifying the first transacting party and agent.

A verifying entity of a decentralized system is configured to receive information associated with at least one ledger entry of a distributed ledger of the decentralized system, to verify at least a portion of one or more computations associated with the received information, to generate evidence of at least one error in the at least a portion of the one or more computations associated with the received information, and to associate the generated evidence with a public key of the verifying entity. The decentralized system may comprise a proof of space based mining system, and the at least one ledger entry of the distributed ledger may comprise at least one proof of space for the proof of space based mining system.

The present disclosure relates to methods of mining a block of a distributed ledger. The methods include: receiving a block to be mined, the block including a header hash and a plurality of transactions; creating a first signature based on a first function, where inputs to the first function include the header hash and the plurality of transactions; and creating a second signature based on a second function, where an input to the second function is the first signature. In one example, the second function is a multiplicative inverse function and the method further includes creating the second signature that is a multiplicative inverse value of the first signature with respect to a first irreducible polynomial. The method additionally includes creating a chain of signatures, where each of the signatures is a multiplicative inverse value of a previous output with respect to a respective irreducible polynomial.

The blockchain generation apparatus 1 includes: a parameter calculator 122 that identifies a parameter type to be used for linkage of the new block, based on block approval method data 114, and calculates a value for the identified parameter type based on transaction datasets which are related to an identifier of a generating party; a block generation condition checker 125 that determines whether the generating party is qualified to generate the new blockchain data, based on the value calculated by the parameter calculator 122; and a blockchain generator 126 that tries to generate the new blockchain by referring to the shared data when the block generation condition checker 125 determines that the generating party is qualified. An identifier of the blend pattern included in the block approval method data 114 specifies a combination of the plurality of parameter types that conflict with each other.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for establishing a proof of storage over a specified period of time. One of the methods includes: (i) receiving, at a prover, an initial input challenge; (ii) producing, at the prover, an output proof proving that the prover has access to specified data for a specified time, wherein producing the output proof includes: (a) producing, at the prover, an initial proof responsive to the initial input challenge, the initial proof proving that the prover is storing specified data; (b) generating, at the prover, a new input challenge based at least in part on the initial proof: (c) producing, at the prover, a new proof responsive to the new input challenge, the new proof proving that the prover is storing the specified data; and (d) repeating, at the prover, the generating step and the producing a new proof responsive to the new input challenge step a number of times, the repeating step generating sequential proofs of storage to determine time of storage , wherein each generating step is based at least in part on a most recent new proof; and (iii) forwarding the output proof, e.g., to a blockchain.

A method receiving an electronic data modification instruction of a virtual record modification to cause at least one data modification to at least one attribute of a virtual record data structure; determining at least one user record associated with the virtual record; determining at least one record modification preference associated with the at least one user record on the at least one modification condition; utilizing a record-specific modification machine learning model to predict at least one record-specific modification in response to the virtual record modification based on the one modification condition and the one record modification preference; generating an authorization instruction to authorize the electronic data modification instruction to cause the modification by instructing at least one database management system to modify the user record according to the record-specific modification; and instructing a computing device to display the record-specific modification to the at least one user record.

A request to present digital content at a client machine associated with a designated network identifier may be received. For each of a plurality of preference characteristics, a respective characteristic query message may be transmitted via a network to a respective plurality of identity nodes via a gossip communication protocol defining a peer-to-peer procedure for transmitting information among the plurality of identity nodes. For each of the plurality of preference characteristics, a respective preference identification response message that includes a respective preference value corresponding with the respective preference characteristic may be received. The designated network identifier may be stored in a trust ledger shared among the plurality of identity nodes. A digital content item may be selected based at least in part on the preference values.

The present invention is related to systems and methods for creating, validating, updating, and certifying fan status. The present invention is directed to creating a platform for fan communications and engagement. The present invention also includes a marketplace for transacting digital collectibles of interest to fans. Fan status in the present invention is a metric of social interaction, engagement, time spent, money spent, events attended, and/or other ways of measuring support and interest. Both quantitative and qualitative measures of fan status are compatible with the present invention. Preferably, the fan status is used for fans of sports teams.

A system for transacting in an environment with intermittent connectivity via a network backbone to a blockchain. A merchant device transmits a set of credentials for an ad hoc network to a buyer device and establishes a private peer-to-peer ad hoc network connection with the buyer device. It then conducts a transaction with the buyer device via the private peer-to-peer ad hoc network. If no network connection is available to a transaction blockchain, the merchant device stores a record of the transaction until such network becomes available and later sends the record of the transaction to the transaction blockchain.