One or more servers may receive an instruction to change a modulation format, associated with one or more optical channels, from a first modulation format to a second modulation format; provide the instruction to change the modulation format to a network device, associated with the one or more optical channels, to cause the network device to change the modulation format, associated with the one or more optical channels, from the first modulation format to the second modulation format; and determine that a license repository is to be updated based on receiving the instruction to change the modulation format. The license repository may store one or more licenses. The one or more servers may generate a license update instruction to update the license repository based on determining that the license repository is to be updated and output the license update instruction to cause the license repository to be updated.

Techniques including controlling coupling and uncoupling of RF ports included in an RF switch matrix including first-side RF ports and second-side RF ports, where each of the first-side RF ports is configured to be selectively coupled to at least one of two or more of the second-side RF ports, identifying one or more of the second-side RF ports as active ports including an active port, causing the RF switch matrix to couple the active port to a signal port included in the first-side RF ports, obtaining at least one of a bit error rate and a signal to noise ratio for a demodulation of an RF stream received via the active port, and causing, in response to at least one of the bit error rate or the signal to noise ratio, the RF switch matrix to couple the signal port to a spare port included in the second-side RF ports.

A Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) network can be inexpensively extended by additional switches (220x) that do not have a full FCoE functionality, e.g. do not have full E-port functionality. The additional switches may or may not have unique Domain IDs. A virtual switch fabric can be extended by such additional switches.

Input/output (I/O) operation requests from pageable storage mode guests are interpreted without host intervention. In a pageable mode virtual environment, requests issued by pageable storage mode guests are processed by one or more processors of the environment absent intervention from one or more hosts of the environment. Processing of the requests includes manipulating, by at least one processor on behalf of the guests, buffer state information stored in host storage. The manipulating is performed via instructions initiated by the guests and processed by one or more of the processors.

Techniques including controlling coupling and uncoupling of RF ports included in an RF switch matrix including first-side RF ports and second-side RF ports, where each of the first-side RF ports is configured to be selectively coupled to at least one of two or more of the second-side RF ports, identifying one or more of the second-side RF ports as active ports including an active port, causing the RF switch matrix to couple the active port to a signal port included in the first-side RF ports, obtaining at least one of a bit error rate and a signal to noise ratio for a demodulation of an RF stream received via the active port, and causing, in response to at least one of the bit error rate or the signal to noise ratio, the RF switch matrix to couple the signal port to a spare port included in the second-side RF ports.

A circuit having multiple inputs and multiple outputs the circuit being for switching signals received at any of the inputs to any of the outputs, the circuit comprising: a first switch matrix, the first switch matrix being capable of directing signals received at the inputs of the circuit to multiple first intermediate ports; a second switch matrix, the second switch matrix being capable of directing signals received at multiple second intermediate ports to multiple third intermediate ports, the number of the second intermediate ports being less than the number of the inputs of the circuit; one or more primary bypass links, each primary bypass link being capable of coupling one or more of the first intermediate ports to a respective one or more of the outputs of the circuit independently of the second switch matrix; a first redirection layer, the first redirection layer being capable of, for each first intermediate port, directing a signal received at that first intermediate port to a primary bypass link or to a second intermediate port; and a second redirection layer, the second redirection layer being capable of directing signals received at each of the primary bypass links to a respective one or more outputs of the circuit, and directing signals received at each of the third intermediate ports to a respective one or more outputs of the circuit.

Aspects of methods and systems for frequency multiplexing suitable for Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) are provided. A system for multiplexing signals according to frequency comprises a DOCSIS port interface, an upstream interface, a downstream interface, and a circulator subsystem. The DOCSIS port interface comprises a plurality of channel filters. The upstream interface is operably coupled to a first channel filter of the plurality of channel filters, and the downstream interface is operably coupled to a second channel filter of the plurality of channel filters. The circulator subsystem is able to direct a first signal from the upstream interface to the DOCSIS port interface and is able to direct a second signal from the DOCSIS port interface to the downstream interface.

Embodiments including methods, systems, and apparatuses for distributing, processing, and reacting to path information distributed via a service-agnostic packet fabric for the purpose of enabling path selection are disclosed. By configuring two ingress line cards to send path quality words to each other via the switch fabric, compare the path quality words, and determine whether to transmit traffic to an egress line card via the switch fabric based on the comparison of the path quality words, the embodiments enable a central switch fabric to be unaware of the paths that it carries, and enable both ingress and egress bandwidth of the switch fabric to be sized according to the facilities for which it is terminating. The switch fabric does not need to support working and protection paths simultaneously in some embodiments, allowing it to be scaled appropriately to termination facilities.

Input/output (I/O) operation requests from pageable storage mode guests are interpreted without host intervention. In a pageable mode virtual environment, requests issued by pageable storage mode guests are processed by one or more processors of the environment absent intervention from one or more hosts of the environment. Processing of the requests includes manipulating, by at least one processor on behalf of the guests, buffer state information stored in host storage. The manipulating is performed via instructions initiated by the guests and processed by one or more of the processors.

An electrical cross-point switch N inputs, each at least 10 Gbps, connected to input transmission lines; M outputs, each at least 10 Gbps, connected to output transmission lines; at least two Radio Frequency (RF) Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switches selectively interconnecting each input transmission line and each output transmission line; and control and addressing circuitry configured to selectively control interconnection of each input transmission line and each output transmission line via the at least two RF MEMS switches. The at least two RF MEMS switches can be embedded in each input transmission line and each output transmission line. The input transmission lines and the output transmission lines can each be partially shielded microwave transmission lines.