The present invention relates to a dialysis solution having at least one osmotic agent, wherein the osmotic agent is starch propylphosphonate.

Provided herein are methods for maintaining physiological levels of nitrite in a subject undergoing hemodialysis. Also provided herein are methods of administering pharmaceutically acceptable sodium nitrite to a subject undergoing hemodialysis.

Provided herein are methods for maintaining physiological levels of thiosulfate in a subject undergoing hemodialysis. Also provided herein are methods of administering pharmaceutically acceptable sodium thiosulfate to a subject undergoing hemodialysis.

A system for hemodialysis can include a first dialysis system and a second dialysis system configured to be used in alternate fashion to provide hemodialysis for a patient, wherein the first dialysis system is configured to be worn by the patient, and wherein the second dialysis system is configured to be positioned on a support independent of the patient. The first dialysis system can be configured to be coupled to a belt worn by the patient around a waist of the patient during its operation. The second dialysis system can configured to be coupled to a stationary support during its operation.

The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for recharging zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide in reusable sorbent modules. The devices, systems, and methods provide for precision recharging of the zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide to avoid the need of excess recharge solutions. The devices systems and methods also provide for calculation of the volumes of recharge solution needed for fully recharging the zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide modules.

A safety needle is disclosed having a puncture needle with a needle lumen and a ground tip; a holding device that, during use, bears on the skin of a patient and holds the puncture needle; and a safety mechanism with a protection element that has a first, opened state and a second, closed state. When the holding device is taken away from the skin and/or when the holding device is moved with respect to the defined position, the safety mechanism automatically moves the protection element from a first position, in which the tip of the needle is exposed, to a second position, in which the tip of the needle is covered as the protection element at the same time transfers automatically from the first, opened state to the second, closed state.

A portable hemodialysis system is provided including a disposable cartridge and a reused dialysis machine. The disposable cartridge includes a dialysate flow path and a blood flow path which flow in opposite directions through a dialyzer. The disposable cartridge includes a filter for removing waste products from the dialysate, and pressure and fluid flow sensors for measuring the pressure and fluid flow in the dialysate flow path and blood flow path. Preferably, the filter has a vapor membrane for releasing gases including ammonia, but not liquids such as the dialysate. The reused dialysis machine possesses a reservoir for dialysate, an ammonia sensor adjacent to the vapor membrane, a level sensor, a blood leak sensor, a venous blood line pressure sensor, a venous blood line bubble detector, pump motors, and a processor connected to the motors and sensors for controlling and monitoring hemodialysis treatment.

A dialysis agent A including a mixture containing glucose, acetic acid, and acetate salt, but not sodium bicarbonate, wherein the molar ratio of acetic acid:acetate salt is 1:0.5 to 1:2, and wherein a total amount of the acetic acid and acetate salt contained in the dialysis agent A is between 2 mEq/L and 6 mEq/L when the dialysis agent A is dissolved in 1 L of a bicarbonate dialysate.

A combination kidney and liver dialysis system and method provides a portable, lightweight hemodialysis device that removes uremic toxins, hepatic toxins, water, and impurities from the blood. The method comprises separating the blood into a plasma portion and a cellular portion, immediately returning the cellular portion to the body, providing large volumes of replacement fluids, diluting the plasma portion with replacement fluids, and then manipulating the plasma portion of the blood to pass through hemoperfusion membranes, hemodiafiltration membranes, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation membranes. Dialysis is performed on the plasma portion of the blood with an albumin dialyzer against an albumin dialysate and a high molecular weight cut off membrane. Dialysis is performed on the plasma portion of blood with a lipid dialysate comprising 10-30% lipid composition, and a high flux dialyzer. The system can also use any form of dialysis technology including hollow fiber, flat plate and microfluidic technology.

The invention provides a first concentrate comprising lactate and calcium ions, said first concentrate having increased stability against precipitation at temperatures around +4 C., said first concentrate being useful for preparing a ready-to-use dialysis fluid by mixing said first concentrate with water and optionally a second concentrate comprising glucose, wherein that the lactate concentration L.sub.conc (expressed in moles per litre, M) of the concentrate fulfills the conditions: a) L.sub.conc>0.8 M; and b) L.sub.conc<(1.90.4Ca.sub.ready) M; and wherein Ca.sub.ready is the calcium concentration of the ready-to-use dialysis fluid expressed in millimoles per litre (mM).