Multiple mobility sets are maintained for nodes of radio networks. The sets comprise information such as: transmit and receive point identities; cell identities; beam identities; frequency channels; channel bandwidth; and black lists. The sets may be defined at different levels, such as network and physical (PHY) level. A network mobility set, e.g., a new-radio (NR) mobility set may, be determined by the gNB, the cell, the UE, or another device. Multiple radio access network nodes and UEs may exchange mobility set information to achieve a distributed mobility solution. A UE may monitor its orientation relative to a TRP, e.g., via use of an onboard MEMS gyroscope, and alter its beamforming parameters in response to changes in orientation and/or changes in TRP connection strength. Cell selection and reselection for beam based networks may use Single Frequency Network (SFN) broadcast of initial access signals without beam sweeping.

Described are methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for bandwidth part (BWP) handling. Apparatus can receive information on limitation(s) of BWP(s) supported in a cell of the base station and inhibit a terminal from accessing the cell based on limitation(s) of the BWP(s) supported in the cell and limitation(s) of BWP(s) supported by the terminal. Apparatus can select access parameter(s) based on limitation(s) of the BWP(s) supported in the cell and limitation(s) of the BWP(s) supported by the terminal, and instruct the terminal to reselect/camp on the cell using the access parameter(s). BWP(s) supported by the terminal can include a network BWP usable for early data transmission. Apparatus can allow/inhibit cell access by terminal based on, e.g., type of access or terminal type. Apparatus can instruct base station to provide information on limitation(s) of BWP(s) provided by the base station. Each BWP can be subcarrier spacing specific.

Described are methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for bandwidth part (BWP) handling. Apparatus can receive information on limitation(s) of BWP(s) supported in a cell of the base station and inhibit a terminal from accessing the cell based on limitation(s) of the BWP(s) supported in the cell and limitation(s) of BWP(s) supported by the terminal. Apparatus can select access parameter(s) based on limitation(s) of the BWP(s) supported in the cell and limitation(s) of the BWP(s) supported by the terminal, and instruct the terminal to reselect/camp on the cell using the access parameter(s). BWP(s) supported by the terminal can include a network BWP usable for early data transmission. Apparatus can allow/inhibit cell access by terminal based on, e.g., type of access or terminal type. Apparatus can instruct base station to provide information on limitation(s) of BWP(s) provided by the base station. Each BWP can be subcarrier spacing specific.

A technique for relaying control messages between a core network entity of a communications network and radio devices served by the base station of the communications network is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, each of the control messages is relayed from one of the radio devices to the core network entity or from the core network entity to one of the radio devices. Each of the relayed control messages comprises an identifier that is indicative of at least one of the respective one of the radio devices and a user thereof. The control messages are stored at the base station, wherein the identifier is replaced in each of the stored control messages by a placeholder value that is independent of at least one of the respective one of the radio devices and the user thereof.

There is provided a method for assessing network performance. The method includes acquiring network measurements indicative of any changes in a network following a change to a configuration of the network and data indicative of one or more factors capable of causing the changes in the network. The one or more factors are independent of the change to the configuration of the network. The method includes analysing the acquired network measurements and data to identify a contribution of the one or more factors to a key performance indicator (KPI) and a contribution of the change to the configuration of the network to the KPI. The KPI is predicted by a machine learning model and is a measure of the network performance following the change to the configuration of the network.

A method for dynamically allocating radio resources across a set of virtualized radio access points (vRAPs) in a virtual radio access network (vRAN) includes collecting contextual information across all vRAPs that share a common carrier bandwidth of a physical radio access point. The method also includes mapping, by a radio resource controller according to an internal mapping policy, the contextual information of the vRAPs into an allocation of vRAN slices to the vRAPs, wherein each vRAN slice comprises allocated computing resources and an allocated bandwidth part (BWP) of the common carrier bandwidth, the BWPs being orthogonal across the vRAN slices. The method also includes notifying the vRAPs of the allocated BWP.

A tool comprises a distal portion and a proximal portion spaced apart by a shaft along a longitudinal axis. The distal portion includes a distal link and the proximal portion including a proximal link. The distal link and proximal link form a pair of links. The tool also comprises a set of tension load bearing members connecting the proximal link and the distal link and terminating at the links of the pair to transfer movement therebetween. The tool also comprises an articulation lock positioned between the distal portion and the proximal portion and configured to allow through passage of the set of tension load bearing members. The articulation lock is adjustable between an unlocked configuration in which the proximal and distal links are moveable and a locked configuration in which an effective length of the shaft is increased, creating a force to impede movement of the proximal and distal links.

A tool comprises a distal portion and a proximal portion spaced apart by a shaft along a longitudinal axis. The distal portion includes a distal link and the proximal portion including a proximal link. The distal link and proximal link form a pair of links. The tool also comprises a set of tension load bearing members connecting the proximal link and the distal link and terminating at the links of the pair to transfer movement therebetween. The tool also comprises an articulation lock positioned between the distal portion and the proximal portion and configured to allow through passage of the set of tension load bearing members. The articulation lock is adjustable between an unlocked configuration in which the proximal and distal links are moveable and a locked configuration in which an effective length of the shaft is increased, creating a force to impede movement of the proximal and distal links.

An operating method of a wireless communication device configured to perform wireless communication with a cell. The method involves identifying, from a downlink signal received from the cell, an electromagnetic field state associated with an antenna of the wireless communication device. A power compensation mode for compensating transmission power of a sounding reference signal is selected based on the identified electromagnetic field state. The transmission power of the sounding reference signal is compensated based on the selected power compensation mode. The sounding reference signal is transmitted with the compensated transmission power through the antenna to the cell.

The present application provides a network optimization method, including: sending a session setup request message to a client device to request the client device to perform measurement configuration on a designated network side device and perform measurement configuration on a terminal device connected to the designated network side device; receiving a measurement report message of the designated network side device and a measurement report message of the terminal device; determining, according to pre-acquired machine learning description information, whether to perform collaborative training with the client device; and performing designated model training processing for network optimization based on whether to perform collaborative training with the client device and measurement data in the received measurement report messages, and sending a model training processing result to the client device to instruct the client device to obtain a network optimization action according to the model training processing result.