Systems, methods, and apparatuses for providing optimization of network resources. The system is operable to monitor the electromagnetic environment, analyze the electromagnetic environment, and extract environmental awareness of the electromagnetic environment. The system extracts the environmental awareness of the electromagnetic environment by including customer goals. The system is operable to use the environmental awareness with the customer goals and/or user defined policies and rules to extract actionable information to help the customer optimize the network resources.

An apparatus which is able to communicate based on at least two communication methods, wherein each communication method is configured to communicate with access networks by using at least one subflow, acquires (S41) information from at least one of the communication methods for at least one of the subflows and provides (S42) the information to a subflow control entity at a higher layer of the apparatus. Based on the information, the subflow control entity evaluates (S43) whether a change will occur in the at least one of the subflows. In case the change is evaluated to occur in the at least one of the subflows, the subflow control entity evaluates (S44) when the change will occur, and evaluates (S45) whether the change evaluated to occur impacts a specific requirement of delivering packets by using the at least one of the subflows. In case the change is evaluated to impact the specific requirement, the subflow control entity changes (S46) usage of the subflows for delivering packets.

A terminal apparatus transmits one random access preamble in multiple time sections, and changes a transmit beam to be used to transmit the one random access preamble in one of the multiple time sections or each of the multiple time sections, and monitors a random access response to the one random access preamble. The random access response includes first information for identifying any one of the multiple time sections.

A terminal apparatus transmits one random access preamble in multiple time sections, and changes a transmit beam to be used to transmit the one random access preamble in one of the multiple time sections or each of the multiple time sections, and monitors a random access response to the one random access preamble. The random access response includes first information for identifying any one of the multiple time sections.

Provided is a mechanism capable of sharing frequency resources and network resources while balancing each other. Provided is a device including: a determination unit that determines one of a use setting of a frequency resources by a wireless communication device, and a use setting of a network resource by a logical network deployed on a physical network to which the wireless communication device connects, for providing a wireless communication service by the wireless communication device; and a request unit that requests another device to determine a use setting of a resource that is not determined on the basis of a determination result by the determination unit.

Provided is a mechanism capable of sharing frequency resources and network resources while balancing each other. Provided is a device including: a determination unit that determines one of a use setting of a frequency resources by a wireless communication device, and a use setting of a network resource by a logical network deployed on a physical network to which the wireless communication device connects, for providing a wireless communication service by the wireless communication device; and a request unit that requests another device to determine a use setting of a resource that is not determined on the basis of a determination result by the determination unit.

A first communication device in a communication systems including the first communication device and the second communication device that performs wireless connection with the first communication device and relays communication with the first communication device, the first communication device includes a receiver configured to receive packets from the second communication device, and a transmitter configured to store reception confirmation packets corresponding to the packets in a buffer, perform transmission at least a portion of the reception confirmation packets stored in the buffer, and discard reception confirmation packets not to be transmitted in the transmission according to a discard ratio.

A first communication device in a communication systems including the first communication device and the second communication device that performs wireless connection with the first communication device and relays communication with the first communication device, the first communication device includes a receiver configured to receive packets from the second communication device, and a transmitter configured to store reception confirmation packets corresponding to the packets in a buffer, perform transmission at least a portion of the reception confirmation packets stored in the buffer, and discard reception confirmation packets not to be transmitted in the transmission according to a discard ratio.

A radio link monitoring method, a radio link monitoring configuration method, a UE and a network device are provided. The radio link monitoring method for the UE includes: receiving configuration information of a reference signal for a radio link monitoring operation, wherein the configuration information comprises configured reference signal or reconfigured reference signal, and/or, radio link monitoring parameter of the configured reference signal reference signal or radio link monitoring parameter of the reconfigured reference signal; and performing the radio link monitoring operation in accordance with the configuration information.

A radio link monitoring method, a radio link monitoring configuration method, a UE and a network device are provided. The radio link monitoring method for the UE includes: receiving configuration information of a reference signal for a radio link monitoring operation, wherein the configuration information comprises configured reference signal or reconfigured reference signal, and/or, radio link monitoring parameter of the configured reference signal reference signal or radio link monitoring parameter of the reconfigured reference signal; and performing the radio link monitoring operation in accordance with the configuration information.