A radio frequency (RF) device includes a spatial orientation sensor and logic circuit configured to determine spatial orientation of the RF device relative to a reference position or relative to a RF transmitter. In particular, the RF device determines a distance between the RF receiver and the RF transmitter based on a received signal strength of the signal and a determined spatial orientation of the RF device, by determining an orientation compensation value from a stored orientation compensation profile and determining a resulting compensated received signal strength. The RF device is thereby able to determine distance in an orientationally-invariant manner.

Disclosed herein are a method and an NWDAF for collecting network data, including: transmitting a network exposure subscription request message including an event reporting granularity parameter to the NF; receiving a data set determined by the NF based on the event reporting granularity parameter from the NF through an event exposure notification message in at least one reporting cycle; and performing network data analysis using received data set.

Disclosed herein are a method and an NWDAF for collecting network data, including: transmitting a network exposure subscription request message including an event reporting granularity parameter to the NF; receiving a data set determined by the NF based on the event reporting granularity parameter from the NF through an event exposure notification message in at least one reporting cycle; and performing network data analysis using received data set.

A communication apparatus, terminal apparatus, system and method are provided for performing wireless communication. The communication apparatus supports a plurality of component carriers, wherein one of the plurality of component carriers is designated as a current primary component and at least one of the plurality of component carriers is designated as a current secondary component carrier providing at least downlink communication. The communication apparatus comprises control circuitry for controlling a component carrier testing procedure for one or more component carriers. The testing procedure comprises, for each component carrier: establishing an uplink connection from the terminal apparatus to the communication apparatus using the component carrier; and determining a quality of the uplink connection for the component carrier. The control circuitry is responsive to completion of the testing procedure to designate an updated primary component carrier on the basis of the qualities of the uplink connections determined for the component carriers.

A communication apparatus, terminal apparatus, system and method are provided for performing wireless communication. The communication apparatus supports a plurality of component carriers, wherein one of the plurality of component carriers is designated as a current primary component and at least one of the plurality of component carriers is designated as a current secondary component carrier providing at least downlink communication. The communication apparatus comprises control circuitry for controlling a component carrier testing procedure for one or more component carriers. The testing procedure comprises, for each component carrier: establishing an uplink connection from the terminal apparatus to the communication apparatus using the component carrier; and determining a quality of the uplink connection for the component carrier. The control circuitry is responsive to completion of the testing procedure to designate an updated primary component carrier on the basis of the qualities of the uplink connections determined for the component carriers.

A transmitter includes a first measurement unit configured to measure a radio wave environment between the transmitter and a receiver for an individual wireless resource, a transmission control unit configured to determine the wireless resource and a parameter on a basis of the measurement result of the radio wave environment, an encoder unit configured to perform distributed coding of the bit sequence on a basis of the parameter, and a transmission unit configured to transmit information representing the determined wireless resource and the distributed coded bit sequence, by using the determined wireless resource. The receiver includes a second measurement unit configured to measure the radio wave environment for the individual wireless resource, a reception control unit configured to estimate the parameter on a basis of the measurement result of the radio wave environment, a reception unit configured to receive the information representing the determined wireless resource and the distributed coded bit sequence, by using the determined wireless resource, and a decoder unit configured to decode the received bit sequence on a basis of the parameter.

A method and system for service management of a complex network including: computing, at a computer, a weather impact score for geographic areas within a coverage area of a satellite; predicting, based on the weather impact score for each of the geographic areas, a degradation of at least one of the satellite links serving a respective geographic area; and sending a notification about the degradation. The method may include calculating, with a computer, a peak Quality of Service (QoS) for each of the satellite links; aggregating, for a duration, transmission errors to calculate an actual QoS for each of the satellite links; and displaying a drill-down dashboard comprising a color-code for each of the satellite links, wherein the color-code corresponds to a severity of a respective discrepancy between a respective peak QoS and a respective actual QoS of a respective satellite link.

A framework for dynamic network resource allocation and energy saving based on the real-time environment, radio network information, and machine learning (ML) can be utilized via a radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (RIC). Real-time and predicted network utilization can facilitate resource and energy savings by leveraging the RIC platform. For example, a network information base (NIB) in the RIC platform can collects RAN and user equipment (UE) resource related information in real time and provides the abstraction of the access network in the real time. ML can predict real-time information about the UEs at time t based on data analytics and real time radio resource needs. The RIC can then instruct the network to reduce or increase resources.

A framework for dynamic network resource allocation and energy saving based on the real-time environment, radio network information, and machine learning (ML) can be utilized via a radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (RIC). Real-time and predicted network utilization can facilitate resource and energy savings by leveraging the RIC platform. For example, a network information base (NIB) in the RIC platform can collects RAN and user equipment (UE) resource related information in real time and provides the abstraction of the access network in the real time. ML can predict real-time information about the UEs at time t based on data analytics and real time radio resource needs. The RIC can then instruct the network to reduce or increase resources.

A method by a wireless device is provided for optimized reconfiguration of radio link monitoring (RLM) and beam monitoring. The method includes receiving, from a first network node, a first message comprising at least one RLM parameter. A second message indicating activation of the at least one RLM parameter associated with the first message is received. The second message is a lower layer signal compared to the first message.