Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods, apparatuses and computer program products for enforcing a rule related to traffic routing. A method implemented at a terminal device comprises receiving a rule related to traffic routing for traffic and enforcement information for the rule; and controlling enforcement of the rule based on the enforcement information. The enforcement information indicates whether a modification to a PDU session associated with the traffic due to the enforcement of the rule is allowed.

A method of managing a telecommunications network, the telecommunications network having a first user and a second user, the method comprising the step of: ascertaining a competitive characteristic associated with the first user and a competitive characteristic associated with the second user (210); comparing the ascertained competitive characteristics (220); identifying whether there is a disparity between the competitive characteristics that exceeds a threshold (230), thereby to identify a competitive advantage associated with the first or second user; and if it is identified that the disparity exceeds the threshold, adapting a network configuration of a network connection associated with the first user so as to offset the competitive advantage associated with the first or second user (240).

A method includes: switching a sending path of uplink data from a source cell to a target cell based on a first condition or a target uplink grant, where the first condition includes: switching the sending path in a case of successful switching, switching the sending path when a secondary cell group SCG is changed successfully, switching the sending path when random access of the target cell succeeds in a switching process, or switching the sending path when random access of the target cell succeeds in an SCG change process; the target uplink grant is an uplink grant that is used for the target cell and that is used by a MAC layer of the UE when a predetermined condition is met.

A required time specification unit specifies time it took for a round-trip communication in half-duplex wireless communication. A bitrate determination unit determines a value corresponding to a size of data generated by a video data generation unit per unit time based on the specified time and a given target time regarding the round-trip communication. The search occurrence estimation unit estimates whether or not a communication path search process with an HMD is occurring. The bitrate determination unit changes the determined value so that magnitude of change in the value corresponds to a result of the estimation.

The present disclosure relates to a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), specifically to the management of routing protocols, and more particularly to a system and method to reduce rerouting time in MANET using virtual buffer zone technique. The system includes a plurality of nodes, each having a virtual buffer zone, which is a buffer area around the node. When a node detects a change in the network topology, it broadcasts a message to all the nodes within its virtual buffer zone. The nodes in the buffer zone update their routing tables accordingly, which reduces the rerouting time in the network.

The present disclosure relates to a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), specifically to the management of routing protocols, and more particularly to a system and method to reduce rerouting time in MANET using virtual buffer zone technique. The system includes a plurality of nodes, each having a virtual buffer zone, which is a buffer area around the node. When a node detects a change in the network topology, it broadcasts a message to all the nodes within its virtual buffer zone. The nodes in the buffer zone update their routing tables accordingly, which reduces the rerouting time in the network.

A mapping service in the mobile core network located after a packet data network gateway examines content requests from user equipment across a first PDN connection to determine if content associated with the content request is cached at an edge server outside of the packet data network. If the content from the packet data network is cached at the edge server, the mapping service redirects the user equipment to request the content from the edge server across a second PDN connection. By using a mapping service located after the packet data network gateway, the content requests may have already passed restrictions such as parental controls.

A method and network node for backhaul link failure recovery are disclosed. A network node is configured to attempt to find an alternative backhaul link to replace the failed backhaul link. If the attempt to find an alternative backhaul link fails, then the network node communicates a first indication of an existence of the failure to the first child network node one level below the network node affected by the failure and causes the first child network node to find another network node to serve as a new parent network node. If the first child network node finds another node to serve as the new parent network node then the network node is configured to serve as a second child network node of the first child network node so that the first child network node serves as a parent of the network node.

Some embodiments of this disclosure include apparatuses and methods for identifying performance measurements for registration and handovers for user equipment (UE) and wireless network nodes. A service producer system may register a first wireless communication connection with a first UE using one or more access and mobility management functions (AMFs). The service producer system may monitor registration measurements corresponding to this registration, perform a handover for the first UE using the one or more AMFs, and monitor mobility measurements corresponding to the handover. The service producer system may select a node for a second wireless communication connection corresponding to a second UE based on the registration measurements and mobility measurements and transmit an indication of the selected node to the second UE. The measurements may include a number of requests, successful requests, measurements related protocol data unit (PDU) sessions, and measurements related to Quality of Service (QoS) flows.

According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for optimising data communication between devices connected to a network, the system including: a server configured to: measure application performance metrics of the data communication between the devices; compare the application performance metrics against performance requirements; detect, in response to the application performance metrics being below the performance requirements, nodes having untapped computing resources within the network; determine operation parameters achieving service at the performance requirements; command one or more of the nodes to function at the operation parameters; and migrate at least a portion of workload associated with the data communication amongst the one or more nodes commanded to function at the operation parameters.