The invention concerns shields, in particular for an infrared radiator and a centrifuge comprising a seat for accommodating an element for centrifugation and infrared radiators along with shields for infrared radiators.

A shield, in particular for an infrared radiator, comprising at least one window permeable for infrared radiation, preferably within the range of 1-150 m, characterized in that it comprises fixing means configured for easy dismounting.

A centrifuge comprising a seat for accommodating an element for centrifugation and infrared radiators, characterized in that between the infrared radiator and the centrifugation element a shield as described above is provided.

A heater assembly that that is effective at maintaining heating lamps at acceptable temperatures is disclosed. The heater assembly utilizes radiative heat transfer to transfer unwanted heat buildup in the heating lamps to a cooling base. One or more high emissivity films are disposed between the heating lamps and the cooling base to facilitate heat transfer. Further, a reflective coating is applied to a portion of the heating lamps to reflect heat away from the cooling base. The heater assembly may be utilized in a high vacuum environment as it does not rely on convective cooling.

A module for a projection exposure apparatus for semiconductor lithography comprises a heating device having at least one radiation source for emitting electromagnetic heating radiation for heating at least regions of a component of the module. The heating device comprises at least one heating element built into the component and configured to convert radiant energy into heat. A corresponding method and a projection exposure apparatus are disclosed.

A light emitter module includes a refractory membrane arranged to be heated to a thermal emission temperature such that an emitting surface of the membrane emits radiation in the IR and/or visible spectrum. The radiation is collimated by transmissive optical element adjacent to the emitting surface with a curved exit surface on which an optical filter is deposited. The transmissive optical element may be a planoconvex lens. The disclosure relates also to compound sources with several thermal sources facing an array of micro-lenses with a common plane entry surface on the backside and a plurality of convex surfaces on the forward side, each covered by an optical filter.

A load lock chamber of a workpiece processing apparatus is provided. The load lock chamber includes a workpiece handling robot comprising a first arm configured to transfer a workpiece along a first plane to and from a thermal processing region defined within the load lock chamber. The load lock chamber further includes a thermal processing assembly configured to thermally process the workpiece when the workpiece is positioned within the thermal processing region defined within the load lock chamber. The workpiece handling robot is further configured to transfer the workpiece along the first plane to a processing chamber of the workpiece processing apparatus.

A portable evaporator is disclosed. The portable evaporator includes an upper cover, a housing and a lower cover. Upper and lower ends of the housing are fixedly connected with connecting posts, the lower end of the housing is fixedly connected with the lower cover through the connecting posts, and the upper end of the housing is fixedly connected with a fastener through a first fixing screw. A middle of a lower end of the fastener is fixedly connected with an insulation part, and a lower end of the insulation part is fixedly connected with a metal container, an outer wall of the metal container is fixed with a halogen lamp. The heating appliance uses the halogen lamp as a heat source inside, which can work at a higher temperature.

A cartridge includes a housing including a transmissive window through which external light penetrates into the cartridge. a storage arranged inside the housing and configured to store an aerosol generating material. a heating structure having a dome shape and including nanoparticles configured to generate heat according to surface plasmon resonance in response to receiving external light. and a wick including a first accommodation portion arranged to surround at least a portion of an outer circumferential surface of the heating structure and configured to supply the aerosol generating material stored in the storage to the heating structure, wherein the aerosol generating material transmitted from the storage to the heating structure through the wick is heated by the heat generated by the heating structure.

A heating device using an LED is provided. The heating device includes a heater for heating a target with LED light, an LED controller for controlling power supplied to the LED such that a temperature of the target is adjusted with the power being in the range where a current thereof does not exceed an allowable current Imax, a correction unit for correcting Imax, and a voltage measurement unit for measuring a voltage of the LED. The correction unit estimates a junction temperature Tjm of the LED when Imax is supplied based on a measurement result by the voltage measurement unit when an estimation current Ie is supplied after Imax is supplied to the LED for correction. When Tjm of the LED when Imax is supplied exceeds Tmax corresponding to Imax, the correction unit corrects Imax.

An apparatus for thermal ablation testing is provided. The apparatus comprises a chamber; an optically transparent window in the chamber; a sample holder inside the chamber; a test sample in the sample holder; a number of bare-wire thermocouples connected to the test sample, wherein the thermocouples generate temperature data in the form of voltage; a mass balance inside the chamber, wherein the mass balance is configured to hold the sample holder and dynamically detect changes in mass of the test sample; an external radiant heat source configured to heat the test sample through the window; a plasma source configured to generate a number of atomic species in the chamber; and a pyrometer directed at the test sample.

An embodiment of a method for qubit tuning includes generating a first magnetic field through a portion of a first layer, the first layer comprising a material exhibiting superconductivity in a cryogenic temperature range, the portion of the first layer above a critical temperature. In an embodiment, the method includes cooling the portion of the first layer at least to the critical temperature. In an embodiment, the method includes generating, in response to cooling the portion of the first layer at least to the critical temperature, a second magnetic field to magnetically interact with a qubit of a quantum processor chip such that a first magnetic flux of the first layer causes a first change in a first resonance frequency of the qubit by a first frequency shift value.