A heat-radiating light source including a heat-radiating layer and a substrate laminated thereon for heating the heat-radiating layer is disclosed. A heat-radiating layer and a substrate for heating the heat-radiating layer are laminated. In the heat-radiating layer, there are provided a radiation control portion and a radiating transparent oxide layer, the radiation control portion having an MIM lamination portion including a pair of platinum layers juxtaposed along lamination direction and a resonating transparent oxide layer formed of a transparent oxide and disposed between the pair of platinum layers, the radiation control portion and the radiating transparent oxide layer are laminated with the radiation control portion and the radiating transparent oxide layer are disposed closer to the substrate in this order. The resonating transparent oxide layer R has a thickness providing a resonance wavelength equal to or smaller than 4 μm.

A heating device using an LED is provided. The heating device includes a heater for heating a target with LED light, an LED controller for controlling power supplied to the LED such that a temperature of the target is adjusted with the power being in the range where a current thereof does not exceed an allowable current Imax, a correction unit for correcting Imax, and a voltage measurement unit for measuring a voltage of the LED. The correction unit estimates a junction temperature Tjm of the LED when Imax is supplied based on a measurement result by the voltage measurement unit when an estimation current Ie is supplied after Imax is supplied to the LED for correction. When Tjm of the LED when Imax is supplied exceeds Tmax corresponding to Imax, the correction unit corrects Imax.

Plant eradication and stressing of plants using illumination signaling where a short-time dual component, low energy, unnatural set of irradiances is applied, with no mutagenic or high radiative energy transfers in any wavelength for eradication by substantial high temperature thermally-induced leaf and plant component failure or incineration. An Indigo Region Illumination Distribution of wavelength 300 nm to 550 nm is directed to plant foliage and/or a plant root crown, while infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared radiation of 2-20 microns wavelength, 2.4-8.0 microns preferred, is directed to a plant root crown and/or soil immediately adjacent the root crown. The Indigo Region Illumination Distribution can pass through the MWIR emitter to form a compact illuminator. The MWIR emitter can comprise borosilicate glass at 400° F. to 1000° F.

A radio frequency (RF) screen for a microwave powered ultraviolet (UV) lamp system is disclosed. In one example, a disclosed RF screen includes: a sheet comprising a conductive material; and a frame around edges of the sheet. The conductive material defines a predetermined mesh pattern of individual openings across substantially an operative area of the screen. Each of the individual openings has a triangular shape.

A heater according to an embodiment includes: a tubular portion; a sealing portion provided in each of both end portions of the tubular portion; a conductive portion provided inside each sealing portion; a heating portion provided inside the tubular portion, extending along a tube axis of the tubular portion, and including carbons; an inner lead provided in each sealing portion so that one end portion side is connected to the conductive portion and the other end portion side is exposed into the tubular portion; and a connection portion connected to each of both end portions of the heating portion inside the tubular portion. A bent portion is provided in an end portion opposite to the conductive portion in each inner lead. The bent portion is bent in a direction in which the sealing portions face each other and is provided inside a hole of the connection portion.

The invention relates to an electric machine (fixed, mobile or portable) suitable to the physical, dynamic, continuous conditioning of materials having the ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation, which have the need to be treated through the irradiation of UV or IR, even without entering into contact with the machine and this also through the vacuum. The invention mainly uses the Lambert and Stefan-Boltzmann postulates, or rather the physical assumptions of the transmission of energy by radiation and in particular the concentration and the emission proximity of energy between transmitter and receiver (which varies with the square of the distance) and the emission intensity (which varies with the fourth power of the temperature). The extremely small distances between transmitter and receiver of electromagnetic energy and the cylindrical shape and concentric electromagnetic emission source (reflected from the outside towards the centre) are the main essence and novelty of the invention. The electric machine, the section of which is represented in the attached drawing of which are hereby provided in the description the letters as a reference, is composed of a suitable current generator that feeds an emitter of electromagnetic waves (EMW) represented by a coiled heating wire (heater function) or by a strip of LEDs (germicidal function) (E), which envelops a fused quartz tube (or a substitute material) of suitable thickness (D), which in turn can contain an internal (or more) further tube (C) of the same or similar transparent material of the first, adapted to the passage of materials to be treated (A); the tube (D) wrapped with the spiral emitter (E) is in turn encased by a tube (F) in suitably appropriate material to shield electromagnetic emissions towards the outside. Such screening tube will (eventually) in turn be inserted in a relatively thick insulating cup (G), coated in turn with reflecting material (H), to further isolate and insulate the system as much as possible from the external environment.

A radio frequency (RF) screen for a microwave powered ultraviolet (UV) lamp system is disclosed. In one example, a disclosed RF screen includes: a sheet comprising a conductive material; and a frame around edges of the sheet. The conductive material defines a predetermined mesh pattern of individual openings across substantially an operative area of the screen. Each of the individual openings has a triangular shape.

Apparatuses and methods for drying objects are provided. The apparatus can comprise a housing configured to provide an airflow channel having an airflow inlet and an airflow outlet, an airflow generating element configured to generate an airflow through the airflow channel, and one or more radiation energy sources configured to generate infrared radiation and direct the infrared radiation toward an exterior of the housing. A device controller can control the operation of the airflow generating element and the one or more radiation energy sources, and a power element controller in connection with the device controller can control the operation of the power element that can provide power at least to the radiation energy source and the airflow generating element.

Plant eradication and stressing of plants using illumination signaling where a short-time dual component, low energy, unnatural set of irradiances is applied, with no mutagenic or high radiative energy transfers in any wavelength for eradication by substantial high temperature thermally-induced leaf and plant component failure or incineration. An Indigo Region Illumination Distribution of wavelength 300 nm to 550 nm is directed to plant foliage and/or a plant root crown, while infrared radiation that is substantially Medium Wavelength Infrared radiation of 2-20 microns wavelength, 2.4-8.0 microns preferred, is directed to a plant root crown and/or soil immediately adjacent the root crown. The Indigo Region Illumination Distribution can pass through the MWIR emitter to form a compact illuminator that uses specific unnatural irradiances that provide unexpected plant control. The MWIR emitter can comprise borosilicate glass at 400° F. to 1000° F.

An atomizer and an electronic cigarette, the atomizer comprising: a housing, provided with a liquid storage chamber used to store e-liquid; a liquid guide element disposed in the housing, the liquid guide element having an atomization surface, and the liquid guide element being used to absorb some e-liquid in the liquid storage chamber and being capable of transferring the e-liquid to the atomization surface; and a radiating light source, having at least one radiation generating surface, the atomization surface facing the radiating light source and the radiating light source and the atomization surface being separated by a set distance, the radiation generating surface having provided thereon a far-infrared radiating component, the far-infrared radiating component being used to emit infrared light and at least partly radiate onto the atomization surface, so as to heat e-liquid near the atomization surface and generate an aerosol.