The invention relates to an oven (1, 1) for an analytical system, in particular for a titration system and especially for a Karl Fischer titration system. The oven (1, 1) comprises a housing, an insulation system (2a, 2a, 2b, 2b, 2c, 2c) and an insert (3, 3) for a sample vessel. The insulation system (2a, 2a, 2b, 2b, 2c, 2c) is arranged at least partially around the insert (3, 3). At least one heating element is arranged between the insulation system (2a, 2a, 2b, 2b, 2c, 2c) and the insert (3, 3) and at least partially surrounding the insert (3, 3). The invention also relates to a titration system with such an oven (1, 1) and a titration method.

Known devices for heat treatment comprise a process space surrounded by a furnace lining made of quartz glass, a heating facility, and a reflector. In order to provide, on this basis, a device for heat treatment having a furnace lining that can be manufactured easily and in variable shapes and enables rapid heating and cooling of the material to be heated and short process times and is characterized by its long service life, the invention proposes that the furnace lining comprises multiple wall elements having a side facing the process space and a side facing away from the process space, and that at least one of the wall elements comprises multiple quartz glass tubes that are connected to each other by means of an SiO.sub.2-containing connecting mass.

Known devices for heat treatment comprise a process space surrounded by a furnace lining made of quartz glass, a heating facility, and a reflector. In order to provide, on this basis, a device for heat treatment having a furnace lining that can be manufactured easily and in variable shapes and enables rapid heating and cooling of the material to be heated and short process times and is characterized by its long service life, the invention proposes that the furnace lining comprises multiple wall elements having a side facing the process space and a side facing away from the process space, and that at least one of the wall elements comprises multiple quartz glass tubes that are connected to each other by means of an SiO.sub.2-containing connecting mass.

A superheater (e.g., a radiant superheater or a convention superheater) may include carbon nanotubes. A superheater may be arranged to, for example, hang at an upper portion of a furnace of a boiler. The superheater may be substantially planar and may include a first vertical pass, a first connection pass, a second vertical pass, a third vertical pass, a second connection pass, and a fourth vertical pass. Each vertical pass may include an upper end and a lower end. The vertical passes may be connected in series, so that steam to be superheated enters at the upper end of the first vertical pass and flows through the first vertical pass and from the lower end of the first vertical pass via the first connection pass to the lower end of the second vertical pass and through the second vertical pass and from the upper end of the second vertical pass to the upper end of the third vertical pass and through the third vertical pass and from the lower end of the third vertical pass via the second connection pass to the lower end of the fourth vertical pass and through the fourth vertical pass, to be discharged from the upper end of the fourth vertical pass. The first connection pass may be arranged below the second connection pass so as to shield the second connection pass from radiation from the lower portion of the furnace.

A superheater (e.g., a radiant superheater or a convention superheater) may include carbon nanotubes. A superheater may be arranged to, for example, hang at an upper portion of a furnace of a boiler. The superheater may be substantially planar and may include a first vertical pass, a first connection pass, a second vertical pass, a third vertical pass, a second connection pass, and a fourth vertical pass. Each vertical pass may include an upper end and a lower end. The vertical passes may be connected in series, so that steam to be superheated enters at the upper end of the first vertical pass and flows through the first vertical pass and from the lower end of the first vertical pass via the first connection pass to the lower end of the second vertical pass and through the second vertical pass and from the upper end of the second vertical pass to the upper end of the third vertical pass and through the third vertical pass and from the lower end of the third vertical pass via the second connection pass to the lower end of the fourth vertical pass and through the fourth vertical pass, to be discharged from the upper end of the fourth vertical pass. The first connection pass may be arranged below the second connection pass so as to shield the second connection pass from radiation from the lower portion of the furnace.

A vacuum heat treating furnace for the heat treatment of metal parts includes a pressure vessel and a hot zone enclosure that defines a hot zone therein. A heating element array inside the hot zone enclosure includes a first heating element, a second heating element, and a center heating element. The first and second heating elements are suspended on opposing sides of the hot zone enclosure. The center heating element is suspended vertically from the hot zone enclosure between the first and second heating elements. The center heating element is adapted to be connected to the first and second heating elements to form a continuous circuit therewith. The center heating element may be connected to the first and second heating elements with removable/reusable fasteners to provide for reconfiguration of the hot zone to accommodate different size workloads.

A system for positioning an optical preform in a furnace is provided that includes an upper muffle and a downfeed handle assembly with a tube defining a first end and a second end, the second end extending into the upper muffle. A handle is disposed within the tube. A second end of the handle extends into the upper muffle and a seal assembly is positioned around both the tube and the handle. The first end of the handle extends through the seal assembly and a drive assembly is coupled with the downfeed handle.

A system for positioning an optical preform in a furnace is provided that includes an upper muffle and a downfeed handle assembly with a tube defining a first end and a second end, the second end extending into the upper muffle. A handle is disposed within the tube. A second end of the handle extends into the upper muffle and a seal assembly is positioned around both the tube and the handle. The first end of the handle extends through the seal assembly and a drive assembly is coupled with the downfeed handle.

A combustion tube mounting system releasably mounts a combustion tube to an aperture in the floor of a furnace housing. The combustion tube has a base assembly with a cam and can be manually or automatically unlocked by cam pins in the floor for selectively engaging the cam for lowering the combustion tube from the floor of the furnace. When a new combustion tube is placed on the lower seal assembly and raised, it automatically aligns and engages the upper furnace seal and engages cams on the floor of the furnace housing which lock the combustion tube in place as it is introduced into the furnace.

A combustion tube mounting system releasably mounts a combustion tube to an aperture in the floor of a furnace housing. The combustion tube has a base assembly with a cam and can be manually or automatically unlocked by cam pins in the floor for selectively engaging the cam for lowering the combustion tube from the floor of the furnace. When a new combustion tube is placed on the lower seal assembly and raised, it automatically aligns and engages the upper furnace seal and engages cams on the floor of the furnace housing which lock the combustion tube in place as it is introduced into the furnace.