To realize a reduction in size of an electromagnetic wave heating system that utilizes water vapor. The electromagnetic wave heating system comprises a heat chamber having a first wall surface and a second wall surface different from the first wall surface, in which an object is placed to be heated, a flat antenna arranged on the first wall surface of the heat chamber and configured to emit an electromagnetic wave so as to heat an object inside the heating chamber, a discharger arranged on the second wall surface and configured to generate a discharge plasma by occurring a high voltage through a resonation structure of the electromagnetic wave, and an oscillator formed by a semiconductor element and configured to output the electromagnetic wave, and it is configured that the electromagnetic wave outputted from the oscillator is supplied into the flat antenna and the discharger.

A power supply system for arc furnace is described. The power supply system includes a power converter and a polyphase transformer. The power supply system further includes first disconnecting means connecting the input of the power converter to the primary circuit, second disconnecting means connecting the output of the power converter to the primary circuit, and the power supply system further includes a control circuit configured to control the power converter to supply the electrode and to stabilize the courant and the voltage delivered by the grid to reduce reactions in the grid when the first disconnecting means are open and the second disconnecting means are closed, and to control the power converter to stabilize the courant and the voltage delivered by the grid to reduce reactions in the grid when the first disconnecting means are closed and the second disconnecting means are open.

This invention concerns power supplies suitable for electric arc gas heaters such a plasma torches. It more particularly relates to the dimensioning of the inductor in the switched-mode DC to DC converter used for feeding the torch. The invention concerns in particular a DC power supply for driving a non-transferred electric arc gas heater, comprising: an AC to DC rectifier providing a potential U.sub.0; a DC to DC switching converter having a switching frequency f.sub.S; a current control loop having a latency Formula (I); and, a ballast inductor having an inductance L; characterized in that inductance L is such that Formula (II) and Formula (III). Such a design ensures the stability of the current control loop, while also ensuring a sufficient amount of current ripple to spread out the erosion zone on the electrodes of the torch.

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc};& \left(I\right)\\ L>\left(\frac{U_0}{1500}\right).Math.,& \left(\mathrm{II}\right)\\ L<\frac{1}{f_s}.Math.\left(\frac{U_0}{200}\right).& \left(\mathrm{III}\right)\end{array}$

A friction stir welding method for bonding a to-be bonded material, includes: a step of supplying nitrogen and introducing nitrogen into the to-be bonded material while melting the to-be bonded material; and a step of friction stir welding a portion of the non-bonded material in which the nitrogen is introduced. A friction stirring device for bonding a to-be bonded material, includes: a heating source for melting the to-be bonded material; a nitrogen supply source for supplying nitrogen to a melted portion of the to-be bonded material and introducing nitrogen into the to-be bonded material; and a friction stir tool for friction stir welding a portion of the non-bonded material in which the nitrogen is introduced.

The Resistance Method is a process for the conditioning of an electric current to subject it to manipulated resistance levels to cause a effect on the solution or substance as the current passes through. The method has two basic functions. One is to condition the electric current. This takes place during the series of steps that manipulate the frequency, voltage, and amps to provide a combination suitable to your setpoints. The other is to manipulate the resistance of a solution or substance. This is done by manipulating the atmospheric pressure, ph, salinity, and temperature of the solution of substance. This all takes place in a reactor. The reactor provides a isolated enclosed environment for the reactions to take place. The method also utilizes an electronic control system. The electronic control system simultaneously measures and manipulates the variables of the process, thereby creating an environment in the reactor that either increases or decreases the amount of resistance the electric current is subjected to.

The present invention discloses a plasma-containing modular arc generator, comprising: a shell; an energy storage device; a charging circuit module and a boosting circuit module arranged on both sides of the energy storage device; a charging input end, a switch button and an output end arranged on the shell; a high-voltage converting module connected to one side of the boosting circuit module; a USB output port arranged on the output end; and a high-voltage ionizing ignition module connected to one end of the high-voltage converting module, wherein the energy storage device comprises an energy storage module of a polymer battery, an input end and an input converting circuit of a solar panel; and the boosting circuit module mainly comprises a control chip, an MOS transistor and a flying back transformer. The arc generator designed in the present invention not only has low cost and energy-conservation and environment-protection, but also is suitable for scale production.

The present invention discloses a plasma-containing modular arc generator, comprising: a shell; an energy storage device; a charging circuit module and a boosting circuit module arranged on both sides of the energy storage device; a charging input end, a switch button and an output end arranged on the shell; a high-voltage converting module connected to one side of the boosting circuit module; a USB output port arranged on the output end; and a high-voltage ionizing ignition module connected to one end of the high-voltage converting module, wherein the energy storage device comprises an energy storage module of a polymer battery, an input end and an input converting circuit of a solar panel; and the boosting circuit module mainly comprises a control chip, an MOS transistor and a flying back transformer. The arc generator designed in the present invention not only has low cost and energy-conservation and environment-protection, but also is suitable for scale production.

The disclosed technology includes a mounting enclosure having a replaceable insert panel used to mount an apparatus used in a melting furnace. The replaceable insert panel may be accessed and removed from a rear open end of the mounting enclosure to allow replacement without having to access the interior of the furnace.

Methods of laser powering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with heat engines are disclosed. The laser powered heat engines are used in conjunction with devices for absorbing laser optical radiation, turning the laser optical radiation into heat, supplying the heat to a working fluid of the heat engine and harvesting mechanical work from expanding working fluid in the heat engine.

An arc lamp includes an arc tube configured to receive a reaction gas therein, and an anode and a cathode disposed opposite one another within the arc tube and configured to generate an electrical arc. The anode includes an anode head portion extending inwardly from an end portion of the arc tube, and an anode tip portion bonded to the anode head portion and comprising a trench extending in a top surface along a peripheral region of the anode tip portion.