A passive defense system that utilizes a plurality of high intensity visible lights to reduce the number of targets in view of attacker(s) or aggressor(s) and to disorient and possibly incapacitate the attacker(s) or aggressor(s). The defense system includes a plurality of high intensity light sources controlled by a control system that can be activated by physical switches, by a central control station, by remote access, or even automatically by a gunshot detection sensor. The light intensity, placement of lights, and strobe effects produce a system to deter or defeat armed attackers or other aggressors.

A light emission control device controls a first switching element of a light source circuit including a first resistor, a light emitting element, and the first switching element coupled in series between a first power supply node and a second power supply node set to a lower potential than the first power supply node. The light emission control device includes a second detection circuit that compares a first potential difference between both ends of the first resistor with a determination value, a light emission control circuit that outputs a first control signal that controls on/off of the first switching element, and a logic determination circuit that determines whether or not the first switching element is short-circuited. The light emission control circuit sets the first control signal to a first drive stoppage state that inactivates the first control signal, and when the second detection circuit has detected that the first potential difference is larger than the determination value, the logic determination circuit outputs an error signal.

Imitation candle devices and systems with features enable simulation of a realistic candle flame using moving lights are disclosed. In one aspect, an imitation candle device is provided that includes a flame sheet shaped to resemble a flame, a support member positioned in proximity to the flame sheet, and a light casing including a hole. An end of the support member extends into the hole and a tip of the end of the support member is in contact with an inner wall of the hole to allow movement of the light casing on the support member. The imitation candle device also includes a light emitter enclosed at least partially in the light casing and movable with movement of the light casing. The light emitter is oriented at an inclined angle with respect to the flame sheet to emit light onto the flame sheet.

Imitation candle devices and systems with features enable simulation of a realistic candle flame using moving lights are disclosed. In one aspect, an imitation candle device is provided that includes a flame sheet shaped to resemble a flame, a support member positioned in proximity to the flame sheet, and a light casing including a hole. An end of the support member extends into the hole and a tip of the end of the support member is in contact with an inner wall of the hole to allow movement of the light casing on the support member. The imitation candle device also includes a light emitter enclosed at least partially in the light casing and movable with movement of the light casing. The light emitter is oriented at an inclined angle with respect to the flame sheet to emit light onto the flame sheet.

An electronic arrangement includes a radiation source. A controlled voltage converter is configured to provide a lamp voltage for the radiation source for operating the radiation source in an ON state for a pulse duration, and to regulate the lamp voltage such that a reference voltage at a feedback terminal of the voltage converter is maintained substantially constant. A voltage source is connected to the feedback terminal and configured to provide, via the feedback terminal for acting on the regulation of the voltage converter, a time-dependent control voltage having a predefined time profile. The voltage converter is configured to select a time profile for the lamp voltage as a function of the predefined time profile of the time-dependent control voltage such that a power of the radiation source deviates from a constant power value by no more than 25% during at least 90% of the pulse duration.

An electronic arrangement includes a radiation source. A controlled voltage converter is configured to provide a lamp voltage for the radiation source for operating the radiation source in an ON state for a pulse duration, and to regulate the lamp voltage such that a reference voltage at a feedback terminal of the voltage converter is maintained substantially constant. A voltage source is connected to the feedback terminal and configured to provide, via the feedback terminal for acting on the regulation of the voltage converter, a time-dependent control voltage having a predefined time profile. The voltage converter is configured to select a time profile for the lamp voltage as a function of the predefined time profile of the time-dependent control voltage such that a power of the radiation source deviates from a constant power value by no more than 25% during at least 90% of the pulse duration.

Imitation candle devices and systems with features enable simulation of a realistic candle flame using moving lights are disclosed. In one aspect, an imitation candle device is provided that includes a flame sheet shaped to resemble a flame, a support member positioned in proximity to the flame sheet, and a light casing including a hole. An end of the support member extends into the hole and a tip of the end of the support member is in contact with an inner wall of the hole to allow movement of the light casing on the support member. The imitation candle device also includes a light emitter enclosed at least partially in the light casing and movable with movement of the light casing. The light emitter is oriented at an inclined angle with respect to the flame sheet to emit light onto the flame sheet.

Imitation candle devices and systems with features enable simulation of a realistic candle flame using moving lights are disclosed. In one aspect, an imitation candle device is provided that includes a flame sheet shaped to resemble a flame, a support member positioned in proximity to the flame sheet, and a light casing including a hole. An end of the support member extends into the hole and a tip of the end of the support member is in contact with an inner wall of the hole to allow movement of the light casing on the support member. The imitation candle device also includes a light emitter enclosed at least partially in the light casing and movable with movement of the light casing. The light emitter is oriented at an inclined angle with respect to the flame sheet to emit light onto the flame sheet.

An electronic arrangement includes a radiation source. A controlled voltage converter is configured to provide a lamp voltage for the radiation source for operating the radiation source in an ON state for a pulse duration, and to regulate the lamp voltage such that a reference voltage at a feedback terminal of the voltage converter is maintained substantially constant. A voltage source is connected to the feedback terminal and configured to provide, via the feedback terminal for acting on the regulation of the voltage converter, a time-dependent control voltage having a predefined time profile. The voltage converter is configured to select a time profile for the lamp voltage as a function of the predefined time profile of the time-dependent control voltage such that a power of the radiation source deviates from a constant power value by no more than 25% during at least 90% of the pulse duration.

An electronic arrangement includes a radiation source. A controlled voltage converter is configured to provide a lamp voltage for the radiation source for operating the radiation source in an ON state for a pulse duration, and to regulate the lamp voltage such that a reference voltage at a feedback terminal of the voltage converter is maintained substantially constant. A voltage source is connected to the feedback terminal and configured to provide, via the feedback terminal for acting on the regulation of the voltage converter, a time-dependent control voltage having a predefined time profile. The voltage converter is configured to select a time profile for the lamp voltage as a function of the predefined time profile of the time-dependent control voltage such that a power of the radiation source deviates from a constant power value by no more than 25% during at least 90% of the pulse duration.