An internal structure for an electrical heating device includes an electrical heating element. The internal structure includes a connection section for holding an end section of the electrical heating element or a connecting wire, with which one of the two end sections is connected. A turnaround section is positioned opposite the connection section. A spacer runs between the connection section and the turnaround section and is topped by the turnaround section in a radial direction relative to the profile of the spacer. The turnaround section has, for a turned-around electrical heating element or for a turned-around connecting wire in the area topping the spacer, a connecting bar by means of which the electrical heating element or the connecting wire is guided and thus turned around, with this connecting wire being connected to an end section.

Disclosed is a ceramic heater, which includes: a disc-shaped ceramic substrate with top and bottom surfaces; and a planar electrode and first and second heating resistors embedded in the ceramic substrate in this order from top to bottom. In top view, the first heating resistor has: a planer first resistive portion arranged inside a first imaginary circle defined by an outermost circumferential contour of the planer electrode; a linear or strip-shaped second resistive portion arranged outward of the first resistive portion in a radial direction of the ceramic substrate and extending along a circumferential direction of the ceramic substrate; and a connecting portion connecting the first and second resistive portions to each other; and the second heating resistor is arranged inside a second imaginary circle defined by an innermost circumferential contour of the second resistive portion.

The present disclosure is directed to a heating pad that conforms to body parts of a user. The conforming heating pad can be worn to provide heat relief on different parts of a user's body. In an embodiment, a conforming heating pad includes a first layer on a posterior side of the heating pad, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer on an anterior side of the heating pad. A continuous heating element is distributed throughout the second layer. The continuous heating element is capable of being selectively heated to increase the temperature of the heating pad. The third layer has a plurality of cavities formed in it. Each cavity holds a plurality of beads. When the heating pad is applied to a body portion of a user, the weight of the beads applies a force against the conductive heating element, the second layer, and the first layer to thereby conform them to the body portion of the user.

A multi-zone heater includes an outer circumferential zone heater and first and second elemental wire portions. The outer circumferential zone heater is a coil that is provided in an outer circumferential zone of a ceramic substrate in the same plane as a plane in which a central zone heater is provided and that is routed throughout the outer circumferential zone in a unicursal manner from one end portion to the other end portion in the outer circumferential portion. The first elemental wire portion extends from a first terminal, passes through a central portion, is connected to the one end portion of the outer circumferential zone heater, and has a meandering shape in plan view. The second elemental wire portion extends from a second terminal, passes through the central portion, is connected to the other end portion of the outer circumferential zone heater, and has a meandering shape in plan view.

Discussed are a surface type heating element which generates heat using electricity and a method of manufacturing the surface type heating element. The surface type heating element includes a NiCr alloy and has an oxygen content of 1 to 4 wt %, so that it can be used even at a high operating temperature of 400 C. or more, suppresses the elution of the material itself, has high fracture toughness, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and heat resistance, and furthermore, ensures conductivity by having improved adhesive strength with respect to at least one of a substrate and an insulating layer, and controlled electrical resistivity.

A single and multi-layer flat glass-sensor structure and method of making the flat glass-sensor structure. The flat glass sensor structure comprises at least one flat glass layer, a sensor and a heater. The flat glass layer has a plurality of cutouts that are configured to suspend the sensor on top of or in plane with the flat glass layer. The sensor is an electrochemical wafer with at least one sensory element and flat glass connectors. Each flat glass connector is in minimal contact with at least one sensory sub-area. The heater is a resistive heating element that is on top of or in plane with the flat glass layer configured to heat the sensor. The flat glass connectors are configured to provide support for electrical leads to the heater and membrane. The flat glass connectors are also configured to provide temperature insulation of the suspended sensor.

A flexible electric heater integrated in a fabric has a surface extending substantially in a two-dimensional plane and including at least one heating strip approximately parallel to the fill threads, electrically connected to strips of electrically conducting wires arranged approximately parallel to the warp threads, next to different portions of the fabric. The at least one heating strip includes a plurality of electrically heating fill threads intertwined with the fabric and each strip of electric conducting wires includes a plurality of electrically conducting warp threads intertwined with the fabric, the plurality of electrically heating weft threads being intertwined with the plurality of electrically conducting warp threads. A process is described of making a flexible electric heater integrated in a fabric.

A micro-heater element for a MEMS sensor device, envisages, in a single conductive layer: an outer ring, defining inside it a window; a heat-diffusion structure, arranged within the window, separated from the outer ring by a first separation gap; and connection elements, arranged between the heat-diffusion structure and the outer ring, and designed to connect the heat-diffusion structure to the outer ring. The outer ring is designed to dissipate energy upon passage of an electric current, and the heat-diffusion structure is designed to distribute, within the micro-heater element, the heat that is transferred by the outer ring through the connection elements.

Certain aspects of present invention relate to a ceramic vaporizer for electronic cigarette and electronic cigarettes having the ceramic vaporizer. In certain embodiments, the ceramic vaporizer may include a cylindrical vaporizer body, and a vaporizer heater. The cylindrical vaporizer body has an interior surface, and an exterior surface. The interior surface forms a central vapor passage and the exterior surface forms an inside wall of an e-liquid storage device. The vaporizer heater is embedded inside the cylindrical vaporizer body. The vaporizer heater may include one or more heating elements configured to heat e-liquid stored in e-liquid storage device and e-liquid is in direct contact with exterior surface of the cylindrical vaporizer body. The one or more heating elements may include certain electrothermal alloys. In certain embodiments, the one or more heating elements may include one or more mesh heating elements, and one or more spiral heating elements.

A device for a laser working system includes at least one optical element, which is arranged in a beam path of the device, and one temperature detector assembly having a matrix of detector elements. The temperature detector assembly is design to measure a two-dimensional temperature distribution of the optical element.