A heating element composite comprises a substrate of one or more fibers or threads and an electrically-conductive polymer coating comprising an electrically-conductive polymer material deposited onto the one or more fibers or threads. A thickness of the electrically-conductive polymer coating is at least about 100 nanometers and the electrically-conductive polymer coating covers at least about 75% of an external surface area of the one or more fibers or threads of the substrate. The resulting heating element composite has a sheet resistance of from about 2 Ω/□ to about 200 Ω/□.

A mineral insulated heating cable for a heat tracing system. The heating cable includes a sheath having at least a first, and optionally a second layer, wherein the thermal conductivity of the second layer is greater than a thermal conductivity of the first layer. In addition, the first and second layers are in intimate thermal contact. The heating cable also includes at least one heating conductor for generating heat and a dielectric layer located within the sheath for electrically insulating the heating conductor, wherein the sheath, heating conductor and dielectric layer form a heating section. In addition, the heating cable includes a conduit for receiving the heating section. Further, the heating cable includes a cold lead section and a hot-cold joint for connecting the heating and cold lead sections. In addition, a high emissivity coating may be formed on the first layer.

The invention relates to a flexible heating element exhibiting a temperature resistance of at least 250° C., in particular of at least 300° C., comprising an electrically conductive substrate formed from a metal foil, an insulation layer formed on at least one side of the substrate, and a heating structure formed on the side of the insulation layer facing away from the substrate, wherein the heating element has a heating-element thickness of less than 1.0 mm, the substrate has a substrate thickness of 0.02 mm-0.5 mm, and the insulation layer has an insulation-layer thickness of 0.2 μm-30 μm.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including a liquid storage portion including a housing containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an open end; and a heater assembly including: an electrical heating element configured to heat the substrate to form an aerosol, the heating element including a planar filament arrangement having one or more electrically conductive filaments, an electrically insulating substrate having a planar attachment face, the filament arrangement disposed on the planar attachment face, and connectors arranged at opposite ends of the heating element and forming two separate electrical contacts configured to apply power to the filament arrangement, at least a portion of the heater assembly is fluid-permeable, and the heater assembly is arranged over the open end of the housing.

A heating element includes a first bus bar disposed to receive current from a power source, and a second bus bar non-adjacent to the first bus bar. The heating element further includes a polymer ink section extending between the first and second bus bars, and the section includes a plurality of PTC polymer inks each different from one another. The second bus bar is electrically connected to the first bus bar via the polymer ink section.

A heating element composite comprises a substrate of one or more fibers or threads and an electrically-conductive polymer coating comprising an electrically-conductive polymer material deposited onto the one or more fibers or threads. A thickness of the electrically-conductive polymer coating is at least about 100 nanometers and the electrically-conductive polymer coating covers at least about 75% of an external surface area of the one or more fibers or threads of the substrate. The resulting heating element composite has a sheet resistance of from about 2 Ω/□ to about 200 Ω/□.

An electric heating pad for warming a patient. The electric heating pad may be a heated underbody support, heated mattress or heated mattress overlay. An embodiment of the heating pad includes a flexible sheet-like heating element including an upper edge, a lower edge, and at least two side edges. The heating pad may also include a shell covering the heating element and comprising at least two sheets of flexible material (e.g., two sheets may be one sheet folded over to form at least two sheets). The two sheets of flexible material may be coupled together about the edges of the heating element by a weld. The material of the two sheets may include urethane. In some embodiments, a catalyst to accelerate hydrogen peroxide decomposition is coated on or impregnated into an element within the shell, or on the interior surface of the shell.

An improved resistive foil heater is notionally provided. The improved heater includes a coverlay, a base, an etched composite panel intermediate the coverlay and the base, transition tabs, and lead wires. The etched composite panel is characterized by a foil element, and a substrate for supporting the foil element, and the panel is adapted for passage of the transition tabs in furtherance of functional union with the lead wires. The foil element is characterized by an etched resistive foil heater, and associated transition pads. The transition tab is united to/with the transition pads of the foil element of the etched composite panel, the lead wires functionally united with the etched resistive foil heater via the transition tabs.

A heater includes: a base body; an infrared electrothermal coating, including a first infrared electrothermal coating and a second infrared electrothermal coating formed spaced apart on a surface of the base body; and a conductive element, including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a common electrode arranged spaced apart on the base body, where a conductive portion of the first electrode is electrically connected to the first infrared electrothermal coating, a conductive portion of the second electrode is electrically connected to the second infrared electrothermal coating, and a conductive portion of the common electrode is electrically connected to the first infrared electrothermal coating and the second infrared electrothermal coating; and coupling portions of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the common electrode are all arranged adjacent to two ends of the base body to couple a power supply to feed an electric power to the infrared electrothermal coating.

A low smoke, zero halogen self-regulating heating cable includes a semi-conductive heating core and two conductive wires embedded within and separated by the semi-conductive heating core. The cable also includes a primary jacket surrounding the semi-conductive core, a braid surrounding the primary jacket, and a final jacket surrounding the braid. At least one of the primary jacket and the final jacket includes a low smoke, zero halogen material.