Methods relating to and an apparatus including: a smart device and an integrated heating module are provided. The apparatus includes: a smart device having an electrically switchable material, a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer, wherein the electrically switchable material is retained between a first transparent layer and a second transparent layer; and an integrated heating module configured between the electrically switchable material and one of: the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer, wherein the integrated heating module is configured to provide resistant heating along at least a portion of the electrically switchable material.

A heater and a cigarette device having the heater is provided. The heater includes a base having a surface, an infrared electric-heating coating layer disposed on the surface of the base, and a conductor including a first conducting part and a second conducting part disposed on the surface of the base. Both of the first conducting part and the second conducting part are at least partially electrically connected with the infrared electric-heating coating layer. The first conducting part includes a first electric conducting spiral section, and the second conducting part includes a second electric conducting spiral section. A spacing between the first electric conducting spiral section and the second electric conducting spiral section is not zero. Through the first and second electric conducting spiral sections disposed on the surface of the base, a path of electric currents flowing through the infrared electric-heating coating layer of the base is shorter.

A thin-film heater according to one or more embodiments may include an insulated substrate and metal wiring patterned thereon to extend between both terminals of the metal wiring. The metal wiring has a resistance of 10Ω or less between the terminals. The metal wiring includes a heat-generating layer made of a material that recrystallizes at a temperature of 200° C. or lower.

A novel solid-state heating element is disclosed. The heating element comprises a plurality of heating layers comprised of a mixture of carbon and a polymer or plastic. The heating layers are disposed on or infused into a substrate. Each heating layer can be disposed on, or infused into, its own substrate, or the heating layers can be disposed on or infused into opposites sides of the same substrate. A radiating element can be disposed in proximity to one or both of the heating layers. The radiating element absorbs the radiation put out by the heating layer(s) and reradiates heat. A heat transfer fluid such as air or a liquid can be directed across the radiating element and/or other areas of the heating element to transfer heat from the heating element to another location.

The present disclosure provides an electrically conductive sheet for use in three-dimensional molding including: a pseudo-sheet structure in which plural electrically conductive linear bodies extending unidirectionally are arranged spaced apart from each other; and a resin protective layer provided on a surface of the pseudo-sheet structure. In the above mentioned electrically conductive sheet, each of the electrically conductive linear bodies in the pseudo-sheet structure includes: a first portion formed in a wave pattern having a wavelength λ1 and an amplitude A1; and a second portion formed in a wave pattern having a wavelength λ2 and an amplitude A2, at least one of which is different from the wavelength λ1 or the amplitude A1 of the first portion.

An electric heating pad for warming a patient includes a heated underbody support or heated mattress. The heated underbody support or mattress includes a heater assembly having a flexible sheet-like heating element, conductive bus bars attached at or near side edges of the heating element, and fabric side edge extensions attached to heating element side edges. The heated underbody support or mattress also includes a layer of polymeric foam positioned under the heater assembly and a shell, including at least two sheets of flexible material, covering at least a portion of the heater assembly and the layer of polymeric foam. When the heater assembly is wrapped around the top surface of the layer of polymeric foam, side edges of the heating element extend partially down the two side walls of the layer of polymeric foam and the conductive bus bars lie adjacent those two side walls.

Provided is an electric grill capable of precisely controlling the temperature of a grilling plate by directly applying a heating paste including carbon nanotubes to the bottom of the grilling plate. The present invention includes the grilling plate on which food to be cooked is placed; a heating body that is applied so as to be arranged on the lower portion of the grilling plate so as to heat the grilling plate; a heat insulating material which is disposed to be spaced apart from the heating body at a predetermined distance so as to block heat conduction to the outside; and a temperature sensor which is disposed between the heating body and the heat insulating material so as to measure the temperature of an upper plate. A pair of electrodes for supplying electricity to the heating body are arranged along opposite edges of both sides of the heating body, and a heating region can be divided and controlled by dividing and combining the pair of electrodes, the heating body, the coating thickness, and the like.

The present disclosure relates to a structural coating and preparation method and use thereof. The structural coating provided in the present disclosure includes a titanium transition layer and platinum-hafnium composite structure layers laminated in sequence on a surface of a substrate; the number of the platinum-hafnium composite structure layer is ≥3; the platinum-hafnium composite structure layer includes a hafnium layer and a platinum layer laminated in sequence.

A heating control system for controlling a heating element provided on glass including a sensor information acquisition unit configured to acquire sensor information from one or more sensors, and a control processing unit configured to control a first heating element provided in a first region of the glass and a second heating element provided in a second region of the glass based on the sensor information. The control processing unit comprises a temperature difference reduction processing unit configured to execute temperature difference reduction processing for controlling at least one of the first heating element and the second heating element so that a temperature difference between a glass temperature of a third region positioned between a first region and a second region of the glass and a glass temperature of the first region or a glass temperature of the second region does not exceed an upper limit value.

A workstation for a film-processing packaging machine defines a film transport plane in which the packaging film can be transported. In addition, the workstation comprises an electrically operable heating assembly. The latter in turn comprises an electrically conductive planar resistance heating element which in a plane parallel to the film transport plane has dimensions that are greater by a factor of at least 5, preferably at least 10, than in a direction perpendicular to the film transport plane. The resistance heating element is arranged between a heating plate and a clamping plate. The disclosure also relates to a packaging machine with such a workstation and to a method for operating such a workstation.