Laminated glass includes: an outer glass plate having a first side and a second side; an inner glass plate that is arranged opposing the outer glass plate and has substantially the same shape as a shape of the outer glass plate; and an intermediate layer arranged between the outer and the inner glass, wherein the intermediate layer has a heat-generating layer including: a first bus bar that extends along an end portion closer to the first side; a second bus bar that extends along an end portion closer to the second side; and a plurality of heating lines arranged so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar to each other, and when a predetermined voltage is applied between the first and second bus bars, an amount of heat generated per unit length of each of the heating lines is 2.0 W/m or less.

Methods of forming a ceramic matrix, as well as fiber preforms and methods of forming fiber preforms to facilitate formation of a ceramic matrix are provided. The method includes obtaining a fiber preform to facilitate forming the ceramic matrix. The fiber preform includes a fiber layer with a plurality of fibers and a heating element embedded within the fiber preform. The method also includes heating the fiber preform via the heating element embedded within the fiber preform, and depositing matrix material into the fiber preform by embedded wire chemical vapor deposition (EWCVD) of the matrix material during the heating of the fiber preform by the heating element. The chemical vapor deposition of the matrix material within the fiber preform facilitates formation of the ceramic matrix.

The present disclosure provides an electrically conductive sheet for use in three-dimensional molding including: a pseudo-sheet structure in which plural electrically conductive linear bodies extending unidirectionally are arranged spaced apart from each other; and a resin protective layer provided on a surface of the pseudo-sheet structure. In the above mentioned electrically conductive sheet, each of the electrically conductive linear bodies in the pseudo-sheet structure includes: a first portion formed in a wave pattern having a wavelength λ1 and an amplitude A1; and a second portion formed in a wave pattern having a wavelength λ2 and an amplitude A2, at least one of which is different from the wavelength λ1 or the amplitude A1 of the first portion.

A heater system is provided, which includes a plurality of heaters, a controller for supplying power to the plurality of heaters, a plurality sets of auxiliary wires extending from the plurality of heaters, and a wire harness for connecting the plurality sets of auxiliary wires to the controller. Each set of auxiliary wires includes three wires, two of the three wires being made of different materials and being joined to form a thermocouple junction, such that each of the plurality of heaters is operable to function as both a heater and a temperature sensor.

A safe electric blanket includes a main control circuit, a constant temperature circuit, a detection circuit, a heating wire, an overheat protection circuit for overheat detection and blowout, a power circuit for connecting mains electricity, and a fuse disposed between the mains electricity and the power circuit. The power circuit is connected to one end of the heating wire, the main control circuit, the detection circuit and the overheat protection circuit for supplying power. The main control circuit is connected to the detection circuit, the overheat protection circuit and the constant temperature circuit. The overheat protection circuit is connected to the fuse F1 for controlling the fuse F1 to blow. The constant temperature circuit is connected to another end of the heating wire for controlling a working state of the heating wire.

An electric heating pad for warming a patient includes a heated underbody support or heated mattress. The heated underbody support or mattress includes a heater assembly having a flexible sheet-like heating element, conductive bus bars attached at or near side edges of the heating element, and fabric side edge extensions attached to heating element side edges. The heated underbody support or mattress also includes a layer of polymeric foam positioned under the heater assembly and a shell, including at least two sheets of flexible material, covering at least a portion of the heater assembly and the layer of polymeric foam. When the heater assembly is wrapped around the top surface of the layer of polymeric foam, side edges of the heating element extend partially down the two side walls of the layer of polymeric foam and the conductive bus bars lie adjacent those two side walls.

A heater system includes a plurality of heater cores defining zones, a plurality of power pins extending through each of the heater cores and made of different conductive materials, and at least one jumper connected between two of the plurality of power pins being made of dissimilar materials. The jumper is in communication with a controller to obtain a temperature reading of the heater system proximate the jumper.

A heating control system for controlling a heating element provided on glass including a sensor information acquisition unit configured to acquire sensor information from one or more sensors, and a control processing unit configured to control a first heating element provided in a first region of the glass and a second heating element provided in a second region of the glass based on the sensor information. The control processing unit comprises a temperature difference reduction processing unit configured to execute temperature difference reduction processing for controlling at least one of the first heating element and the second heating element so that a temperature difference between a glass temperature of a third region positioned between a first region and a second region of the glass and a glass temperature of the first region or a glass temperature of the second region does not exceed an upper limit value.

A workstation for a film-processing packaging machine defines a film transport plane in which the packaging film can be transported. In addition, the workstation comprises an electrically operable heating assembly. The latter in turn comprises an electrically conductive planar resistance heating element which in a plane parallel to the film transport plane has dimensions that are greater by a factor of at least 5, preferably at least 10, than in a direction perpendicular to the film transport plane. The resistance heating element is arranged between a heating plate and a clamping plate. The disclosure also relates to a packaging machine with such a workstation and to a method for operating such a workstation.

A reservoir refill system for an electronic vaping device includes a refill container and a reservoir. The refill container contains a pre-vapor formulation. The refill container includes a body, an opening in the body, and a first interlocking ring including at least one groove or at least one protrusion therein. The reservoir is configured to contain a pre-vapor formulation and includes a reservoir body, an opening in the reservoir body, and a second interlocking ring including at least one groove or at least one protrusion therein at an opening of the reservoir. The first interlocking ring is configured to mate with the second interlocking ring so as to release the pre-vapor formulation from the refill container to the reservoir.