A heater sheet is configured to be applied to a cover of a vehicle-mounted sensor. The heater sheet is provided with a sheet substrate which is attached to the cover, and at least one heat generating strip which is provided along the sheet substrate. The heat generating strip is formed in a mesh shape in which a large number of filamentous first electrical conductors and a large number of filamentous second electrical conductors intersect one another. The first electrical conductors and the second electrical conductors are arranged in such a way as to be inclined relative to a horizontal direction.

Provided is a liquid supply unit for supplying a treatment liquid to a nozzle that discharges the treatment liquid to a substrate, the liquid supply unit including: a tank for storing the treatment liquid; a main circulation line for supplying the treatment liquid from an internal space of the tank to the nozzle or for recovering the treatment liquid to the internal space of the tank; a supply line connected to the main circulation line to supply the treatment liquid to the nozzle; and a heater module installed in the main circulation line and heating the treatment liquid flowing through the main circulation line to a predetermined temperature, in which the heater module includes: a pipe in which the treatment liquid flows and which is made of a quartz material; and a heating element provided on a surface of the pipe.

A safety device for heating hoses is provided to prevent overheating of a heating wire. The safety device includes a first hose that connects between a reservoir and a connector and a second hose that is fluidly connected to the first hose and allows windshield washer fluid to flow from the connector to a spray nozzle. A housing encloses the connector and a heating wire is disposed in at least one of the first and second hoses. A terminal is disposed inside the housing and is connected to the heating wire to apply electric power from a power supply unit to the heating wire. A circuit breaker is connected to the terminal and the heating wire and cuts off electric power applied to the heating wire based on a temperature condition.

An antenna with a heater and method for using the same are disclosed. The antenna may comprise: an antenna aperture having a plurality of radio-frequency radiating antenna elements, the antenna aperture having a ground plane and a material for tuning permittivity or capacitance; and a heater structure in thermal contact with the material.

A heating method, a heating apparatus and a method for fabricating a press-molded article using the heating method is provided. A plate workpiece has a main heating target region having a cross sectional area monotonically varying in a first direction and a sub heating target region provided adjacent to and integrally with the main heating target region. After heating the sub heating target region, the main heating target region is heated by a direct resistance heating to heat the main heating target region and the sub heating target region to be in a target temperature range. To heat the main heating target region, at least one of a pair of electrodes arranged to extend across the main heating target region in a second direction intersecting the first direction is moved in the first direction and at a constant speed, with electric current between the pair of electrodes being adjusted.

The invention relates to an outer lens for a luminous device, in particular for a motor vehicle. The outer lens include a main portion made of transparent plastic, at least two edges for fastening to a housing of the luminous device, an electrically conductive coating forming a defrosting and/or demisting electrical resistor, and at least two electrodes that are electrically connected to the conductive coating. The electrodes are located on the fastening edges and are overmolded by the transparent plastic. The invention also relates to a luminous device including the outer lens in question and a process for producing the outer lens.

A method for the manufacture of an electrical heating unit for use in an exhaust gas system and the use of an electrical heating unit obtainable by this method are described. The method comprises forming the electrical heating unit as a single piece by additive layer manufacturing. An exhaust gas system comprising the electrical heating unit and a downstream catalyst article is also described.

An air-heating type heat not burn heating device, a ceramic heating element and a preparation method thereof are provided. The ceramic heating element includes a honeycomb ceramic body and a heating printed circuit. Porous channels are arranged in the honeycomb ceramic body, and the porous channels are circular holes or polygonal holes. The heating printed circuit is arranged around an outer surface of the honeycomb ceramic body to heat the air passing through the porous channels. According to the ceramic heating element, the surface made of high purity alumina honeycomb ceramic has high compactness, it is able to effectively prevent absorption of smoke dust particles, thus to effectively preventing odd smell; the high-purity alumina honeycomb ceramic has good thermal conductivity, with a thermal conductivity of 33 W/mk; the wall thickness and pore diameter in the honeycomb ceramic structure are both very small, and the thermal conductivity is extremely excellent.

A window defroster assembly for use in a motor vehicle includes a transparent panel and a defroster grid integrally formed with the transparent panel by means of a robotic dispensing mechanism. The defroster includes conductive first and second busbars and a plurality of conductive grid lines extending between and connected to the first and second busbars.

A method for reducing a process time for soldering electrical or electronic components by electromagnetic induction heating, in particular soldering electrical contact elements with solder connection surfaces which are applied to a non-metallic substrate, in particular a glass pane, the method comprising the steps providing an electrical contact element configured as a solder base and made from an iron nickel or iron chromium alloy material; applying a lead free connection material to the soldering base, wherein the connection material or the solder is made from a lead free material, in particular Bi.sub.57Sn.sub.42Ag.sub.1, Bi.sub.57Sn.sub.40Ag.sub.3, SAg.sub.3.8Cu.sub.0.7 or Sn.sub.55Bi.sub.44Ag.sub.1; positioning the soldering base on the respective solder contact surface; inductive heating of the solder base by high frequency energy with increased heating of the solder base material and reduced heating of the material of the respective solder connection surface; and completing the soldering step after a time period of less than or equal to 10 seconds, advantageously 4 to 6 seconds. The invention also relates to a contact element configured as a particular soldering base.