A transparent heater comprising a conductive film and a connection part connectable to a power feeding apparatus, the conductive film comprising a transparent substrate and a conductive part comprising a fine metal wire pattern disposed on one side or both sides of the transparent substrate, wherein the fine metal wire pattern is constituted by a fine metal wire, and the fine metal wire has voids, and when the cross-sectional area of the fine metal wire is defined as S.sub.M and the total cross-sectional area of the voids included in the cross-section of the fine metal wire is defined as S.sub.Vtotal on the cross-section of the fine metal wire perpendicular to the direction of drawing of the fine metal wire, S.sub.Vtotal/S.sub.M is 0.10 or more and 0.40 or less.

A heating apparatus, a non-combusted heating device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. In certain aspects, the heating apparatus includes a casing with an end for receiving a product to be heated, a heating element at least partially disposed within the casing, and an insulation layer formed between an internal surface of the casing and an external surface of the heating element. The insulation layer includes a polycrystalline material having a valve metal oxide.

A heater includes a substrate, a first heating element and a second heating element disposed on a first surface of the substrate, a temperature detection element, and a conductor. The temperature detection element is disposed on a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface of the substrate. The conductor is disposed on the second surface and connected to the temperature detection element. The first heating element has a first distance from the temperature detection element in a lateral direction of the substrate orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the substrate, and the second heating element has a second distance that is greater than the first distance from the temperature detection element in the lateral direction. As viewed in a thickness direction of the substrate orthogonal to the lateral direction and the longitudinal direction of the substrate, the conductor overlaps the first heating element and the second heating element.

A heat blanket system including a blanket including a first sub-area and a second sub-area. The heat blanket system also includes heating elements printed on the blanket. First spacings between first ones of the heating elements in the first sub-area varies relative to second spacings between second ones of the heating elements in the second sub-area. The first spacings and the second spacings vary according to a design. The design is configured for use on a uniquely defined rework area on a uniquely defined composite material object including a third area including a heat sink region and a fourth area including a non-heat sink region. The first sub-area is sized and dimensioned to be placed over the third area. The second sub-area is sized and dimensioned to be placed over the fourth area.

The present disclosure relates to a heater in which a capacitive power control pattern is implemented, and an apparatus therefor. A heater comprising: first and second base materials that are separated in the vertical direction so as to have an internal space therebetween; a heater electrode pattern provided in the internal space; and a plurality of sheet-type heating elements provided in the internal space so as to be electrically connected to the heater electrode pattern, comprises a capacitance pattern for causing a change in capacitance in the region between the sheet-type heating elements according to a hovering movement above the second base material, wherein heater power to be supplied to the sheet-type heating elements through the heater electrode pattern can be controlled according to the hovering movement recognized in response to the change in capacitance.

An occupant support surface heater includes a foundation, a cover, an optional comfort layer, an activation layer, and at least one bus bar secured between the foundation and the cover. The foundation may include a foam pad and the comfort layer includes a conductive material mat that is contiguous with the foundation. The activation layer includes thermally conductive material in the form of an inorganic or organic nanotube structure to provide efficient thermal diffusion and heat delivery for the occupant support. The occupant support surface heater may be used to heat an occupant in the occupant support or to provide heat at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined period of time in order to destroy live viruses or live bacteria at a surface of the unoccupied occupant support.

A composite structure, exhaust aftertreatment system, and method of manufacture. The composite structure includes a body that includes an array of intersecting walls that form a plurality of channels extending in an axial direction through the body such that adjacent channels are located on opposite sides of each wall. A composite material of the body includes a first phase of a porous glass or ceramic containing material. The first phase includes an internal interconnected porosity. A second phase of an electrically conductive material is included that is a continuous, three-dimensional, interconnected, electrically conductive phase at least partially filling the internal interconnected porosity of the first phase, which creates an electrical path through at least some of the walls in a lateral direction perpendicular to the axial direction between the opposite sides of the walls.

Disclosed is a floor underlayment system and method for radiant heat, comprising: one half inch tile or other floor underlayment board, a series of grooves cut into the tile or other floor underlayment board, electric resistance heating cable inserted into the series of grooves cut into the tile or other floor underlayment board, and sensor wires inserted into the series of grooves cut into the tile or other floor underlayment board.

The disclosure relates to the use of a composite material as electro-thermal material in a process for the production of an electrical heating panel, wherein the electrical heating panel comprises at least one device selected from a plate, a sheet or a film, wherein said device has one or more layers wherein at least one layer is a heating layer made of a composite material comprising a first polymer which is one or more amorphous polymers or one or more semi-crystalline polymers selected from polyethylene and/or polypropylene; and from 2.0 to 20.0 wt. % of carbon particles and wherein the heating layer or at least one heating layer has a thickness ranging from 100 μm to 4.0 mm. The disclosure also relates to the use of such electrical heating panel in a motor vehicle.

The invention provides a heating conductive wire-like element comprising a core made from synthetic fibers a plurality of heating conductive wires around said core. The core is twisted in a predetermined direction X and the plurality of heating conductive wires are wound in a predetermined direction Y. The predetermined direction X is different from the predetermined direction Y. A predetermined number of said heating conductive wires are individually covered with a non- electrically conductive material.