A heating body includes: a substrate; a heating layer arranged on the substrate; and a protruding structure layer arranged on the heating layer. The protruding structure layer includes a plurality of protruding units arranged on the heating layer at intervals or the protruding structure layer has a grid shape. In an embodiment, the heating body further includes: an insulating and heat-conducting layer arranged between the protruding structure layer and the heating layer.

A vehicle interior assembly, such as a vehicle seat or a steering wheel, includes a cover assembly covering a frame. The cover assembly includes a vinyl or non-woven textile cover and an electrically conductive coating layer (“ECCL”) within an A-surface of the cover. The ECCL may function as a heater, a capacitive touch control, or lighting. Another cover assembly includes first and second ECCLs within an A-surface of a cover. The first ECCL functions as a heater and the second ECL functions as a capacitive touch control. Another cover assembly includes an ECCL and a Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) coating layer within an A-surface of a cover. The ECCL functions as a heater dependent on current received from a power source via the PTC coating layer. The PTC coating layer regulates the current received by the ECCL from the power source dependent on a temperature of the PTC coating layer.

A heating element includes first and second blocks made of microfibers of steel, each block having an electrical input and an electrical output, and an electrical connection that connects an electrical output of the first block to an electrical input of the second block. The microfibers have a diameter between 10 and 30 micrometers.

A heating arrangement has a coolant housing with an inflow connection and an outflow connection for a coolant. Heating elements are arranged on opposite housing walls and include connections for the supply of power. Three circuit-board pieces of a circuit board are arranged in a row and connected to one another via flexible regions. Power electronic components and connections for connecting to the power-supply connections of the heating elements are arranged on the two edge circuit-board pieces. The circuit board is bent in flexible regions such that the two edge circuit-board pieces lie opposite one another. The coolant housing lies between the opposite edge circuit-board pieces. The power-supply connections of the heating elements and the connections on the edge circuit-board pieces are in electrical contact.

An aerosol generating device includes a heating element of which inner surface have different portions having different structures such that the portions of the heating element may heat corresponding areas of an aerosol generating article which is inserted in the aerosol generating device at different temperatures, thereby providing a good quality of aerosol to the user.

The present invention relates to the field of 4D printing, and particularly to an electro-responsive folding and unfolding composite material for 4D printing, a method for manufacturing the same, and a method for regulating shape memory behavior thereof. In the process of layer-by-layer printing, conductive layers are embedded into a pre-designed shape memory polymer matrix through spray-coating and laser-irradiation nano-fusion welding, to manufacture a folding and unfolding structure with electro-responsive shape memory behavior. The distribution and range of heat affected zones in the electro-responsive shape memory folding and unfolding structure are controlled by adjusting the number of electric heating layers energized and the value of an energizing voltage. The speed of shape recovery and the degree of shape recovery of the structure are regulated according to a magnitude relationship between a shape recovery force F.sub.recovery and a resistance F.sub.resistance to shape recovery of the structure.

There is provided a device for generating an inhalable aerosol or gas, the device including an aerosol generating material having an integrated electrical resistance heating element, so that the aerosol generating material may be heated in direct contact with the electrical resistance heating element, wherein the aerosol generating material is provided as a unitary structure or coating which may be heated to generate multiple deliveries of an inhalable aerosol or gas. There is also provided a method for fabricating the device. There is also provided the use of the device and the use of the aerosol generating material, to generate an inhalable aerosol or gas.

A heater substrate has an insulating substrate having a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side relative to the first surface and at least one heating element of spiral shape including plural heater wire pieces and positioned in or on the insulating substrate. The heating element of spiral shape has at least one adjustment section including a turn of all or some of the plural heater wire pieces. The plural heater wire pieces include a first heater wire piece and a second heater wire piece adjacent to the inner side of the first heater wire piece. In the adjustment section, the length of the first heater wire piece is smaller than the length of the second heater wire piece.

A polymer positive temperature coefficient (PPTC) material may include a polymer matrix, the polymer matrix defining a PPTC body; and a graphene filler component, disposed in the polymer matrix, wherein the graphene filler component comprises a plurality of graphene particles aligned along a predetermined plane of the PPTC body.

A heating-wire device. The heating-wire device includes at least one heating wire, a heating region, which comprises the at least one heating wire embedded therein and can be heated by the heating wire; a current source, which is connected to the heating wire and is configured to apply a current to the heating wire and heat it; a controller, using which the current source can be controlled; a first adhesion-promoting layer, which is arranged on a surface of the heating wire and surrounds the surface thereof, wherein the heating region surrounds the first adhesion-promoting layer.