A heater system for an exhaust system is provided. The heater system includes a heater disposed in an exhaust conduit. The heater includes a plurality of heating elements disposed in the exhaust conduit. A heating control module controls the plurality of heating elements differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating element. In other forms, the heater system for an exhaust system has a plurality of heating zones, instead of a plurality of heating elements. The heating control module controls the plurality of heating zones differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating zone.

A system configured for operation below a threshold temperature system includes a power supply, a housing, a temperature-sensitive electronic component, and a heating circuit. The temperature-sensitive electronic component is enclosed within said housing and electrically connected to the power supply, wherein the temperature-sensitive electronic component becomes susceptible to failure when the temperature of said temperature-sensitive electronic component decreases and crosses the threshold temperature. The heating circuit is at least partially enclosed within the housing and comprising a temperature-dependent resistor, the heating circuit electrically connected to the power supply and configured to generate heat energy within the housing when the temperature within the housing decreases and approaches the threshold temperature in order to maintain the temperature of the temperature-sensitive electronic component above the threshold temperature.

The present disclosure provides an aerosol delivery device and a cartridge for an aerosol delivery device. In various implementations, the aerosol delivery device comprises a control device that includes an outer housing defining a cartridge receiving chamber, and further includes a power source and a control component, and a cartridge that includes a mouthpiece, a tank, a heating assembly, and a bottom cap. The mouthpiece defines an exit portal in an end thereof, and the tank is configured to contain a liquid composition therein. The cartridge is configured to be removably coupled with the receiving chamber of the control device, and the heating assembly defines a vaporization chamber and is configured to heat the liquid composition to generate an aerosol. An inlet airflow is defined by a gap between the cartridge and the control device that originates at an interface between an outer peripheral surface the mouthpiece and control device.

The present disclosure provides an aerosol delivery device and a cartridge for an aerosol delivery device. In various implementations, the aerosol delivery device comprises a control device that includes an outer housing defining a cartridge receiving chamber, and further includes a power source and a control component, and a cartridge that includes a mouthpiece, a tank, a heating assembly, and a bottom cap. The mouthpiece defines an exit portal in an end thereof, and the tank is configured to contain a liquid composition therein. The cartridge is configured to be removably coupled with the receiving chamber of the control device, and the heating assembly defines a vaporization chamber and is configured to heat the liquid composition to generate an aerosol. The heating assembly comprises a substantially planar heating member and a liquid transport element, wherein the heating member is installed in a bowed orientation.

A method of predicting temperature of at least one location in a fluid flow system that has a heating system for heating fluid. The method includes obtaining a mass flow rate of fluid flow of the fluid flow system, obtaining at least one of a fluid outlet temperature and a fluid inlet temperature of a heater of the heating system, obtaining power provided to the heater, and calculating temperature at the at least one location based on a model of the fluid flow system and the obtained mass flow rate, fluid outlet temperature, and fluid inlet temperature.

A control system for a heating system of an exhaust system is provided. The control system includes at least one electric heater disposed within an exhaust fluid flow pathway, and a control device adapted to receive at least one input selected from the group consisting of mass flow rate of an exhaust fluid flow, mass velocity of an exhaust fluid flow, flow temperature upstream of the at least one electric heater, flow temperature downstream of the at least one electric heater, power input to the at least one electric heater, parameters derived from physical characteristics of the heating system, and combinations thereof. The control device is operable to modulate power to the at least one electric heater based on at least one input.

In a textile device (100) having a flexible textile main structure (110) which is made up of textile threads (101) and which has a top surface (111) and a bottom surface (112), temperature metering independent of ambient conditions is achieved in that the main structure (110) is equipped with at least one electrically conductive heating thread (120) which is connected to a first voltage source and with at least one electrically conductive sensor thread (130) which is connected to a second voltage source and which serves for sensing a temperature or a dampness of the main structure (110), wherein a control circuit which is electrically connected to at least one sensor thread (130) is provided for controlling the intensity of a current flow through the heating threads (120) in response to a measured temperature or dampness in order, for every measured actual value, to introduce a predetermined setpoint value of heat into the main structure (110).

A double-switching PTC ink comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin provides a first PTC effect within a first temperature range (T1, T2); the second resin provides a second PTC effect within a second temperature range (T3, T4), where T3T2; the first resin has an NTC effect above the first temperature range; the second PTC effect is greater than the first PTC effect; and the second PTC effect overlaps with, and is greater than, the NTC effect of the first resin.

The invention relates to a method for operating a heating element (210), in particular in a food processor (1) for the at least partially automatic preparation of foodstuffs, wherein the following steps are performed: a) detecting an electrical resistance of the heating element (210) such that at least one resistance value is determined, b) performing a heating operation on the heating element (210) based on the at least one determined resistance value to perform the heating operation depending on a temperature of the heating element (210).

An electrical heating cartridge with an outer tubular metal casing and a control element arranged inside the outer tubular metal casing. An electrical heating element is arranged at least in sections inside the outer tubular metal casing, wherein the electrical heating element is shaped such that it describes a space curve that defines an interior space. The electrical heating element is electrically insulated from the outer tubular metal casing. The control element is arranged at least in sections embedded in an electrically insulating, heat-conducting material parallel to the direction of extent of the interior space defined by the space curve described by the electrical heating element.