A heatable floor panel for an aircraft, with a supporting level, a heat-generating level and a heat-conducting level. The heat-generating level comprises a fiber composite layer with fibers and with a matrix surrounding the fibers. The fibers are at least partially formed as conducting fiber, and the conducting fibers are formed as carbon fibers with an electrically insulating coating. The conducting fibers integrated in the floor panel in order to conduct a heating current through them. Due to the electrically insulating coating of the conducting fibers, leakage currents are avoided. The carbon fibers serve not only as heating elements, but, at the same time, also as reinforcing fibers of the fiber composite layer or of the floor panel.

A heated floor panel assembly for aircraft includes an impact layer made from a 2-D or 3-D woven high temperature thermoplastic fiber matrix impregnated with a resin. The impact layer can further include woven metallic fibers. The assembly also includes a stack of structural layers, a heating layer, and a core layer for absorbing shear stress.

The present application discloses a high-performance far-infrared surface heating element of carbon composite material and application thereof. The surface heating element comprises: a carbon composite material layer comprising a film-like material consisted of an sp.sup.2 hybrid structure carbon material; and thermal stable electronic insulating layer provided on opposite sides of the carbon composite material layer. The surface heating element of the present application has the characteristics of flexibility, high strength, high stability, high safety, etc., and has excellent flame retardancy, no harmful electromagnetic, no circuit protection module, economical, safe and practical characteristics, and no safety hazard; it can be used as a direct surface heating source in the field of low-voltage electric heating, such as a civil heating device used in the preparation of a floor heating device, an electric heating carpet, an electric heating mattress or a heater, as well as an industrial heating device for lithium battery modules and industrial pipe heating elements.

A film type planar heating element for preventing electromagnetic waves is configured in a form of multiple layers of films to generate heat, the film type planar heating element comprising: a base film made of synthetic resin and mounted on a floor in a form of sheet film; a carbon heating unit made of carbon materials and arranged in multiple rows to generate heat planarly on a top side of the base film; a pair of center-adjacent copper foil busbars disposed in a center area of the base film, applying current to the carbon heating unit, and facing each other in a close distance so that intensities of electromagnetic waves and magnetic field are mutually canceled each other when the current is applied; a pair of center silver busbars formed between the carbon heating unit and the center-adjacent copper foil busbars and made of silver materials allowing the current, which is applied to the center-adjacent copper foil busbars, to smoothly flow to the carbon heating unit, and a Lamirex film coated on the top side of the base film to protect the carbon heating unit and the center-adjacent copper foil busbars.

Some deck or patio areas constructed of pavers mounted on adjustable pedestal supports must remain snow and ice free on their top surfaces. The pedestal-mounted paver heating system is designed to allow easy installation of electric heating cable that is positioned against the bottom surface of pavers so that heat generated by the cable is efficiently transferred up into the pavers to raise their temperature enough to prevent the accumulation of snow and ice on their top surfaces.

A heated floor panel assembly for aircraft includes an impact layer made from a 2-D or 3-D woven high temperature thermoplastic fiber matrix impregnated with a resin. The impact layer can further include woven metallic fibers. The assembly also includes a stack of structural layers, a heating layer, and a core layer for absorbing shear stress.

A floor panel having a heating element disposed therein, the floor panel having at least two abutments for operationally coupling the panel to adjacent panels. Electrical contacts are disposed on complementary abutments or abutment walls and busbars electrically couple between complementary contacts of opposing abutments such that, when adjacent floor panels are laid together to form a floor or a portion thereof, the busbars are able to feed power to heating elements disposed in the panel. The panel have sealants and/or adhesives which protect at least one contact from fluids. Also disclosed are connector bars, adapters, and switching and protection arrangements, and optional constructions for inter-panel connectors.

A flooring underlayment includes a base membrane and a cover membrane. The base membrane is configured to be installed between a subfloor and floor tiles to allow movement of the floor tiles relative to the subfloor. The cover membrane is configured to be coupled to the base membrane to form a flat surface for supporting the floor tiles. The cover membrane is configured to be coupled to the base membrane using at least one of a snug fit and a snap fit.

An article comprising a double-switching heater that comprises a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a flexible substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink comprises a first resin and a second resin; the first resin provides a first PTC effect within a first temperature range (T1, T2); the second resin provides a second PTC effect within a second temperature range (T3, T4), where T3≥T2; the first resin has an NTC effect above the first temperature range; the second PTC effect is greater than the first PTC effect; and the second PTC effect overlaps with, and is greater than, the NTC effect of the first resin. The substrate can be either thermal polyurethane, nylon or a polyester blend.

The invention relates to an apparatus for a heating mat (10) comprising two mats (11, 12) of thermoplastic between which mats a heat emitting device (15) is arranged. The device (15) is produced by knitting or crocheting. The invention also relates to methods and uses.