A flooring underlayment includes a base membrane and a cover membrane. The base membrane is configured to be installed between a subfloor and floor tiles to allow movement of the floor tiles relative to the subfloor. The base membrane includes a base layer and studs projecting from the base layer. The studs have free ends that define pockets therein. The cover membrane is configured to be coupled to the base membrane to form a flat surface for supporting the floor tiles. The cover membrane includes a cover layer and studs projecting from the cover layer. The studs on the cover membrane are configured to fit within the pockets in the base membrane to couple the cover membrane to the base membrane.

A double-switching heater includes a double-switching PTC ink deposited on a substrate to form one or more resistors. The double-switching PTC ink has a first resin that provides a first PTC effect at a first temperature range and a second resin that provides a second PTC effect at a second temperature range, where the second temperature range is higher than the first temperature range. The substrate may be a flexible substrate or a rigid substrate, and may bedeformable to generate a three-dimensional structure. The substrate may be: polyester, polyimide, polyamide, polypropylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, fiberglass, cement board, carbon composite materials, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, aluminum, steel, glass composite, molded plastic, high-density polyethylene or styrene ethylene butylene styrene.

A heated floor panel assembly with an impact layer is made to absorb blunt force and protect a heating element inside the assembly. The assembly further includes a plurality of structural layer made of a reinforced polymer matrix, one or more core layer with a honeycomb or foam structure for absorbing shear stress, and a heating layer containing the heating element. The impact layer is a composite layer with a resin impregnated fiber matrix.

A floor support includes a base having a bottom surface and a top surface; a plurality of bosses arranged in an ordered array on the base, the ordered array configured to provide multiple options for routing an electric heating cable among the plurality of bosses; and a thermal insulation layer adjacent the bottom surface. Each of the plurality of bosses includes an upper surface; a perimeter wall extending from the upper surface to the top surface, the perimeter wall sloping underneath the upper surface; and an interior wall sloping continuously toward an interior of the boss as the interior wall as the interior wall extends from the upper surface to the top surface.

An electric heating device includes a conductive pipe having an interior and at least one end portion, one or more heating elements disposed in the conductive pipe, one or more power connectors extending into the interior of the conductive pipe to be electrically connected to the one or more heating elements, a ground connector contacting the at least one end portion of the conductive pipe to be electrically connected to the conductive pipe, and a first member enclosing the at least one end portion of the conductive pipe, the one or more power connectors, and the ground connector.

A heating cable installation includes a heating cable having a first metallic conductor and at least a second metallic conductor, spaced from and extending substantially parallel to the first metallic conductor. A PTC (positive temperature coefficient) matrix is electrically coupled about the first and second metallic conductors. A compressible insulator is disposed about the PTC matrix, the compressible insulator being compressible to allow thermal expansion of the PTC matrix. A rigid, outer encasement material prevents outward expansion of the heating cable.

A heating device including a substrate, at least one heating layer on the substrate, and a power supply electrically connected to the at least one heating layer. The heating layer includes graphene nanomaterials. To form a layer of heating material, a liquid including graphene nanomaterials is applied to the substrate. The liquid is dried to form the at least one heating layer on the substrate. A first electrode and a second electrode are attached to the substrate. A power supply is electrically connected to the at least one heating layer on the substrate via the first electrode and the second electrode. The heating layer produces heat in the presence of power applied to the electrodes.

An electrical connection assembly includes a cable having a conductor, a metallic textile in electrical contact with the conductor, and a crimp element creating a pressure between the conductor and the metallic textile.

A power connector dedicated to a heating film includes: a male connector formed in a rectangular thin plate shape, having a power inlet plug formed as a thin plate-shaped electrode on a right side thereof, having a first electrode for wiring a heating film formed as a thin plate-shaped electrode on an upper side, and having a left side to which a power cable internally wired to the power inlet plug is connected; and a female connector formed in a rectangular thin plate shape, having a right side to which the power cable is connected, having a second electrode for wiring a heating film formed as a thin plate-shaped electrode on a right side thereof, and having a power outlet socket wired to the power inlet plug.

A floor panel includes a first structural layer, a film heater configured to emit far-infrared radiation, and a first open cell layer disposed between the film heater and the first structural layer such that far infrared radiation from the film heater is directed toward the first open cell layer.