An emitter structure includes a substrate with a membrane arrangement. The membrane arrangement includes at least one first membrane, a first heating path and a second heating path in different substrate planes. The first heating path and the second heating path are positioned with respect to one another such that a projection of the first heating path and a projection of the second heating path onto a common plane lie at least partly next to one another in the common plane.

An emitter structure includes a substrate with a membrane arrangement. The membrane arrangement includes at least one first membrane, a first heating path and a second heating path in different substrate planes. The first heating path and the second heating path are positioned with respect to one another such that a projection of the first heating path and a projection of the second heating path onto a common plane lie at least partly next to one another in the common plane.

Disclosed is a floor underlayment system and method for radiant heat, comprising: one half inch tile or other floor underlayment board, a series of grooves cut into the tile or other floor underlayment board, electric resistance heating cable inserted into the series of grooves cut into the tile or other floor underlayment board, and sensor wires inserted into the series of grooves cut into the tile or other floor underlayment board.

The present application discloses a heater and a smoking device including the heater. The heater includes: a base having a surface; an infrared electrothermal coating, being disposed on the surface of the base; a conductive module, comprising a first conductive portion and a second conductive portion arranged on the base, both the first conductive portion and the second conductive portion being electrically connected with the infrared electrothermal coating; a flexible printed circuit board, comprising a flexible substrate and a first electrode and a second electrode formed on the flexible substrate; the flexible substrate being fixed on the surface of the base so that the first electrode is electrically connected with the first conductive portion, and the second electrode is electrically connected with the second conductive portion.

The apparatus for cooking food with superheated steam includes an external casing (2) comprising inside a cooking chamber (4), suitable for containing one or more foods; a steam generating device (30), capable of vaporizing a liquid; a superheating device (31) of said steam associated with said steam generating device (30), said superheating device (31) being configured to heat said steam up to an operating temperature (T) higher than the boiling temperature of said liquid and to enable said superheated steam to come out towards said cooking chamber (4).

A system for coating removal comprises a frame having a platform extending within the frame. A plurality of heat lamps are mounted on the platform. The plurality of heat lamps are arranged to provide a heat density of at least 40 watts per square inch. A method of removing a coating is also disclosed.

Disclosed herein is technology related to a heater device and corresponding systems and method. In examples the heater device has a frame having a base structure and a support beam. The support beam extends upward from the base structure. The frame is translatable across a ground surface. A cantilevered elongate heater extends from the frame. The elongate heater has a proximal end and a distal end, where the proximal end is coupled to the support beam of the frame. In some examples the elongate heater has a first heater element rotatable about an elongate axis central to the elongate heater. Additionally or alternatively, a plurality of heater elements are coupled to the cantilevered beam.

An IR radiator element (1) suitable for use as a miniature infrared emitter (micro-hotplate) in a gas sensor, IR-spectrometer or electron microscope. The micro-hotplate comprises a plate (2) supported by multiple support arms (4). The plate and arms are fabricated as a MEMS device comprising a single contiguous piece of electrically-conducting refractory ceramic such as hafnium carbide (HfC) or tantalum hafnium carbide (TaHfC). Each of the arms (4), in addition to providing structural cantilever support for the plate (2), acts as a heating element for the plate (2). The plate (2) is heated by applying a voltage across the arms (4). The arms (4) may also be shaped to absorb thermomechanical stress which arises during the heating and cooling of the arms and plate. The plate, which may have an area of less than 0.05 mm.sup.2 and a thickness of between 1% and 10% of the largest dimension of the plate (2), for example, can be heated to 4,000 K or more and cooled again with a duty cycle of as little 0.5 ms, thereby permitting pulsed operation at frequencies of up to 2 kHz. Its small size (10-200 μm) and low power consumption (e.g. 10-100 mW) make the micro-hotplate suitable for use in cryogenic applications, in miniaturized devices or in battery-powered devices such as mobile phones.

The present application discloses a heater and a smoking device including the heater. The heater includes a heating body, in which a space for containing an aerosol-forming matrix, configured to receive electric power from a power supply to generate heat, and transfer the heat to the aerosol-forming matrix so as to volatilize at least one component in the aerosol-forming matrix; an electrode part including a first electrode and a second electrode arranged on the heating body at intervals and electrically connected with the heating body, configured to feed the electric power to the heating body; and an electrode connector including an abutting part and an extension part; the abutting part abutting against the electrode part to be electrically connected with the electrode part, and the extension part being configured to extend the electrode part to a position far away from the heating body through electrical connection.

The present application discloses a heater and a smoking set including the heater. The heater includes: a base, having an inner surface and an outer surface; an infrared radiation layer, formed on the surface of the base; the infrared radiation layer is configured to generate infrared rays and at least heat an aerosol-forming matrix by radiation; a heating body arranged at the periphery of the base, and used to receive electric power from a power supply to generate heat. The heating body is configured to transfer the heat to heat the infrared radiation layer to generate the infrared rays. According to the present application, the infrared radiation layer is heated up by the heating body so that the infrared radiation layer generates infrared radiation to heat the aerosol-forming matrix, thereby reducing the preheating time of the aerosol-forming matrix and improving the user experience.