A heating device (100) comprises: a heater (10) for heating an item (1) to be heated; a temperature detection unit (20) for detecting the temperature of the item (1); and a temperature adjustment unit (30) for controlling the heater (10) on the basis of a target temperature and the detected value of the temperature detection unit (20) so that the temperature of the item (1) reaches the target temperature. The heating device (100) determines, as a system gain change rate, the rate of change from the initial value of a system gain determined as a ratio of a temperature increase value of the item (1) with respect to electric power inputted to the heater (10), and determines the rate of change in the heat-retaining properties of the item (1) using the system gain change rate.

Power control systems and methods include power control logic configured to selectively apply electrical power received from an external resource to a plurality of heating elements to implement a heating algorithm. In one embodiment, the power control logic is configured to measure the electrical power supplied to the plurality of heating elements, predict an amount of the electrical power needed to activate one or more of the plurality of heating elements, track power usage for each of the plurality of heating elements, and determine a next heating element to activate based on the tracked power usage and the heating algorithm. The system may include a voltage sense network to sense the electrical power received from the external resource and a high-power current-sense resistor to sense current flow through a circuit path supplying power to the plurality of heating elements

A display module includes: a heating circuit, a gating circuit and a plurality of heating lines. The heating circuit includes a first type of heating signal output terminal and a second type of heating signal output terminal, and the gating circuit includes a gating unit. The first type of heating signal output terminal is electrically connected to a first type of signal input terminal of the gating unit, and a first type of signal output terminal of the gating unit is electrically connected to a first terminal of a heating line; and/or the second type of heating signal output terminal is electrically connected to a second type of signal input terminal of the gating unit, and a second type of signal output terminal of the gating unit is electrically connected to a second terminal of the heating line.

An electric heater includes a first busbar, a second busbar, a third busbar, a neutral busbar, a plurality of first heating elements, a plurality of second heating elements, and a plurality of third heating element. A first end of each first heating element is coupled to the first busbar for electrical communication therewith. A second end of each first heating element is coupled to the neutral busbar for electrical communication therewith. A first end of each second heating element is coupled to the second busbar for electrical communication therewith. A second end of each second heating element is coupled to the neutral busbar for electrical communication therewith. A first end of each third heating element is coupled to the third busbar for electrical communication therewith. A second end of each third heating element is coupled to the neutral busbar for electrical communication therewith.

An electric heating temperature control apparatus and an electric heating device are provided. The electric heating temperature control apparatus is connected with an external electric heating wire including a temperature sensing conductor, an insulating layer and a heating conductor, and includes a temperature detecting circuit including a temperature sensing voltage dividing and sampling unit, an AC voltage dividing and sampling unit and a differential signal processing unit, the AC voltage dividing and sampling unit is used for converting an input signal of the AC power supply into a reference voltage signal, the temperature sensing voltage dividing and sampling unit is used for converting a signal flowing through the temperature sensing conductor into a temperature voltage signal, and the differential signal processing unit is used for performing a differential comparison between the temperature voltage signal and the reference voltage signal. The electric heating device includes the electric heating temperature control apparatus.

An apparatus for heating a window of a vehicle comprises an electrical storage unit configured to store an electrical charge and a plurality of heating circuits disposed on a window of the vehicle. The apparatus further comprises a controller configured to monitor the electrical charge of the electrical storage unit and selectively activate one or more of the heating circuits based on the electrical charge.

A heating element for a cooking appliance includes terminals that act as electrically conductive contact points. One or more buses are arranged between the terminals, and connect one or more heating element segments in a zig-zag configuration. The heating element segments are connected in series and are arranged parallel with one another. Each heating element segment includes a plurality of cutouts linked together and having an elliptical shape. The terminals, heating element segments, and buses are a continuous single sheet of conductive material. A method of making the heating element includes forming a pattern into the sheet of conductive material by etching the pattern into the conductive sheet using photolithography.

A tankless water heater system (100), with a heat exchanger device (20) comprising at least one hollow chamber (21, 22, 23, 24 ) and at least one electrical heating element (52, 53, 54), and: a controller device (30) with a temperature control unit (35), a tap event counter unit (32), a down-time counter unit (33) and a time delay unit (34); an electrical switching element (41, 42, 43) for connecting or disconnecting one or several heating elements (52, 53, 54) to/from a power supply; an outlet temperature sensor (27) linked with the temperature control unit (35); a flow rate sensor (29); wherein: the tap counter unit (32) is connected to the flow rate sensor (29) and is triggered when water flow rate exceeds a tap indication threshold {dot over (V)}.sub.0 the down-time counter unit (33) is triggered and retriggered by the tap counter unit (32) and both provide a down-time event signal after any inactivity period with no water flow and records the duration of inactivity; the time delay unit (34) is connected to and triggered by the tap counter unit (32) starting a delay period t.sub.OFF which duration is switched from a short default delay period to a long delay period by the down-time signal provided by the down-time counter unit (33); and the switching elements (41, 42, 53) are triggered by the time delay unit (34) only after the delay period has elapsed.

A method for manufacturing an atomizing unit, comprises a step A of forming an oxide film on a surface of a heating element forming a part of an atomizing unit that atomizes an aerosol source, by supplying electric power to the heating element, in a state where the heating element is processed into a heater shape.

An electrical heating cable with a first power supply conductor, a second power supply conductor, and a third power supply conductor. Each of the first, second and third power supply conductors extend along a length of the cable. The electrical heating cable also includes an electrically conductive heating element body, wherein the first, second and third power supply conductors are electrically coupled to each other via the electrically conductive heating element body. The second power supply conductor is provided with a layer of electrically insulating material which covers only a part of a surface of the second power supply conductor. The layer is provided between the surface of the second power supply conductor and the electrically conductive heating element body.