A method of coating a carbon nanotube material with a solventless coating composition is described. The resulting coating has been shown to preserve the conductivity of the conductive layer and protect the conductive layer from the effects of subsequent coating compositions. Examples are shown in which the coating formulation comprises a polyol and an isocyanate. A layer material comprising a polyurethane coating on a carbon nanotube network layer is also described.

Disclosed is a system and method for integrating power distribution for subsea boosting and direct electrical heating (DEH) of at least one subsea flowline. A subsea power cable located in a subsea environment is electrically connected to at least one power generator at a topsides location and delivers power to a subsea switchgear module which connects to subsea adjustable speed drives (ASD). At least one pump motor is electrically connected to at least one of the ASD, and at least one capacitor bank is electrically connected to at least one of the subsea ASD. A subsea pressure boosting pump is driven by the pump motor. At least one capacitor bank is electrically connected to at least one of the subsea ASD. At least one DEH is electrically connected to at least one of the subsea ASD in series with the at least one capacitor bank and in contact with the at least one subsea flowline. Power is distributed to the boosting and DEH equipment more efficiently and cost effectively.

A device for supplying ammonia with solid adblue includes a urea tank, a gasholder, a heating apparatus, a mixing mechanism, a one-way valve, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a first baroceptor, a controller. The mixing mechanism includes a first pipe, second pipe a third pipe, and media. The device is easy to has the same temperature everywhere, and then the heat distribution of the urea tank can be evenly, thus the effectiveness about the heating apparatus is elevated.

A fluid system of an internal combustion engine is provided with a heating device in a heating chamber. An electric heating element of the heating device is arranged between two holding bodies such that the heating element electrically and thermally contacts a contact section of at least one of the holding bodies. The heating chamber has an inner volume region between the holding bodies and at least one outer volume region arranged on an outer side of the holding bodies. The inner and outer volume regions allow fluid to flow through. The inner volume region has an enlarged section with a first spacing measured between the holding bodies. The holding bodies have a second spacing measured in a region of the contact section. The first spacing is greater than the second spacing at least at a circumferential side of the contact section facing the enlarged section.

An exhaust system, especially for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, includes an exhaust gas-carrying duct (14) and a reactant injection device (20) for injecting reactant (R) into exhaust gas (A) flowing in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). Downstream of the reactant injection device (20), a mixer device (22) supports the mixing of reactant (R) injected by the reactant injection device (20) with exhaust gas (A) flowing in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). Downstream of the reactant injection device (20) and upstream of the mixer device (22), a reactant heating device (24) extends in the exhaust gas-carrying duct (14). The exhaust gas (A) flows in and reactant (R) injected through the reactant injection device (20) flow around the heating device (24).

An electrically heating support includes: a pillar shaped honeycomb structure including: an outer peripheral wall; and a partition wall disposed on an inner side of the outer peripheral wall, the partition wall defining a plurality of cells, each of the plurality of cells extending from one end face to the other end face to form a flow path; and a pair of electrode layers disposed so as to face each other across a central axis of the honeycomb structure, each of the electrode layers being disposed on a surface of the outer peripheral wall of the honeycomb structure; and a metal terminal provided on each of the electrode layers. The honeycomb structure includes a ceramic having a PTC property, and the electrode layers include a ceramic having an NTC property.

A heating device for an exhaust system has an electrically conductive foamed part and at least one stabilization part for the foamed part. The foamed part includes two end faces, an outer circumference and at least one recess starting from the outer circumference and extending in the axial direction from one to the other end face. The recesses produce sections which are opposite each other at a distance and continue into each other, forming a current path as a resistance heating element. The stabilization part at least partially fills the recess and mechanically couples the sections to each other, but does not electrically couple them to each other.

An apparatus and method for electromagnetic heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves providing electrical power to at least one electromagnetic wave generator for generating high frequency alternating current; using the electromagnetic wave generator to generate high frequency alternating current; using at least one pipe to define at least one of at least two transmission line conductors; coupling the transmission line conductors to the electromagnetic wave generator; and applying the high frequency alternating current to excite the transmission line conductors. The excitation of the transmission line conductors can propagate an electromagnetic wave within the hydrocarbon formation. In some embodiments, the method further comprises determining that a hydrocarbon formation between the transmission line conductors is at least substantially desiccated; and applying a radiofrequency electromagnetic current to excite the transmission line conductors. The radiofrequency electromagnetic current radiates to a hydrocarbon formation surrounding the transmission line conductors.

A signal generator, system, and method for electromagnetically heating of a hydrocarbon formation. The method involves determining a desired output signal having a desired power spectral density; generating a plurality of source signals, based on the desired output signal; modulating the plurality of source signals, based on the desired output signal, to provide a plurality of modulated signals capable of providing the desired power spectral density; combining one or more of the plurality of modulated signals into a combined signal; transforming the combined signal to have the desired power spectral density, thereby providing at least one output signal; and applying the at least one output signal to a load having a frequency-dependent impedance to produce at least one standing electromagnetic wave along a length of the load. The at least one standing electromagnetic wave includes at least a partial standing electromagnetic wave.

A thermal controlled hose assembly is provided and includes an adapter which defines an adapter cavity, wherein the adapter is configured to receive a DEF fluid within the adapter cavity, a hose, wherein the hose defines a hose cavity and wherein the hose is connected to the adapter such that the hose cavity is in flow communication with the adapter cavity, a nozzle, wherein the nozzle includes an inlet port and an outlet port and defines a fluid flow channel which communicates the inlet port with the outlet port, and wherein the nozzle is connected with the hose such that the fluid flow channel is in flow communication with the hose cavity and a heating system, wherein the heating system includes a heating element which is configured to be in contact with at least a portion of at least one of the adapter, the hose and the nozzle.