This disclosure relates to systems and methods element identification and quantification. The method includes generating pulsed plasma based on an input voltage and a current so that the pulsed plasma interacts with a particle and atomizes the particle when the pulsed plasma is disposed in a flow field, identifying an atomic emission of the pulsed plasma with an optical sensor, determining element identification and quantification based on the identified emission of pulsed plasma, generating DC plasma having an electrical field based on an input DC voltage and a DC current, positioning the DC plasma in a flow field, detecting a change in the electrical field of the DC plasma, and determining a size of the particle based on the change in electrical field.

An irradiator includes: a first electrode to which a voltage is applied for generating a plasma; and a holding member holding the first electrode; wherein: the holding member has a first member and a second member that are in contact with each other to constitute an accommodation space accommodating the first electrode; and a contact surface between the first member and the second member includes a non-perpendicular contact surface that is non-perpendicular to an axis of the first electrode.

A liquid treatment device includes an electron emitting element, a first power supply, and a second power supply. The electron emitting element including a first electrode which is disposed facing water. The first power supply discharges electrons from the first electrode by applying a drive voltage to the electron emitting element. The second power supply applies a collection voltage between the first electrode and the water. The liquid treatment device preferably controls a substance added to the water by controlling the drive voltage.

An array of non-thermal plasma emitters is controlled to emit plasma based on application of an electric current at desired frequencies and a controlled power level. A power supply for an array controller includes a transformer that operates at the resonant frequency of the combined capacitance of the array and the cable connecting the array to the power supply. The power into the array is monitored by the controller and can be adjusted by the user. The controller monitors reflected power characteristics, such as harmonics of the alternating current, to determine initiation voltage of the plasma and/or resonant frequency plasma emitters. The array of non-thermal plasma emitters may be used in therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or medical sanitization applications, including where a non-thermal plasma treatment regimen is prescribed.

A vehicle sanitizer system includes a sanitizer emitter member, selectively moveable between a stowed position in a compartment of a vehicle cabin and a deployed position out of the compartment; a sensor module to detect an interior of a vehicle cabin as sensor data; and a vehicle sanitizer module, that includes one or more processors to execute a set of instructions that cause the vehicle sanitizer module to: conduct, in response to the detection, an analysis of the sensor data; identify, in response to the analysis, one or more target interior surfaces in the vehicle cabin to be sanitized; and cause, via the sanitizer emitter member and in response to the identification, generation of water vapor content into the vehicle cabin, one or more sanitizer streams directed at the identified one or more target interior surfaces.

A vehicle sanitizer system includes a sanitizer emitter member, selectively moveable between a stowed position in a compartment of a vehicle cabin and a deployed position out of the compartment; a sensor module to detect an interior of a vehicle cabin as sensor data; and a vehicle sanitizer module, that includes one or more processors to execute a set of instructions that cause the vehicle sanitizer module to: conduct, in response to the detection, an analysis of the sensor data; identify, in response to the analysis, one or more target interior surfaces in the vehicle cabin to be sanitized; and cause, via the sanitizer emitter member and in response to the identification, generation of water vapor content into the vehicle cabin, one or more sanitizer streams directed at the identified one or more target interior surfaces.

A plasma generator includes an AC power supply, a power supply electrode and a ground electrode, one of which is disposed in a gas flow path and the other of which is a conductive wall constituting the gas flow path, an inflexible connection member configured to electrically connect the AC power supply and the power supply electrode, and an insulating material (power supply side insulating material, ground side insulating material) covering a side of one of the power supply electrode and the ground electrode, the side facing the other electrode.

The invention relates to a treatment device for dielectric harrier discharge plasma treatment of a wound surface or skin surface, having: a flexible, planar electrode assembly with at least one planar electrode (6, 6′) and a dielectric layer (5) which at least partially embeds the at least one electrode (6, 6′), has a contact side (7) facing the wound surface or skin surface and electrically shields the planar electrode (6, 6′) from the wound surface or skin surface such that only a dielectric barrier current can flow from the electrode (6, 6′) to the wound surface or skin surface; and a control device (2) which has a separate housing (25) and via which the electrode (6, 6′) can be connected to an operating voltage. The treatment device allows simpler wound treatment in that the assembly of electrode (6, 6′) and dielectric layer (5) is designed for uninterrupted contact with the wound surface or skin surface and that the housing (25) of the control device (2) can be fastened with a fastening device (3, 3′) to the body having the wound surface or skin surface.

A pulsed metal plasma thruster (MPT) cube has a plurality of thrusters, each having a first cathode electrode and a trigger electrode separated from the first electrode by an insulator sufficient to support an initiation plasma, and a porous anode electrode positioned a separation distance from the face of all of the cathode electrodes. The cathode electrode can be either the inner electrode or the outer electrode. A power supply delivers a high voltage pulse to the trigger electrode with respect to the cathode electrode sufficient to initiate a plasma on the surface of the insulator. The plasma transfers between the anode electrode and cathode electrode of selected thrusters, thereby generating a pulse of thrust.

The present disclosure presents systems, apparatuses, and methods of active flow controls for dissipating tip vortices. In this regard, a method comprises positioning one or more fan-shaped plasma actuators on an end surface of a tip of one or more airfoils of an aircraft, wherein the fan-shaped plasma actuators are surface compliant with the surface of the tip of the one or more airfoils; and activating the one or more fan-shaped plasma actuators during a flight of the aircraft, wherein at least one tip vortex generated by a flight of the aircraft is reduced by an introduction of one or more vortices generated by the one or more fan-shaped plasma actuators on the end surface of the tip of the one or more airfoils of the aircraft. Other systems, apparatuses, and methods are also presented.