This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

A fluid machine includes a rotary blade, a casing configured to house the rotary blade therein, and an insulation coated conductor attached within a recess circumferentially provided in an inner circumference of the casing opposed to an outer end of the rotary blade, the insulation coated conductor including a conductive wire and an insulation material coating. The dielectric barrier discharge is generated between the insulation coated conductor and the outer end of the rotary blade by applying a pulse voltage between the conductive wire and the rotary blade, so as to prevent leakage of operative fluid through a tip clearance between the inner circumference of the casing and the outer end of the rotary blade.

A device and a method for improving combustion are disclosed. In an embodiment the device includes a combustion chamber including at least one combustion chamber inlet for feeding in fuel or air or the fuel/air mixture, a reactor chamber connected upstream of the combustion chamber, the reactor chamber comprising a plasma generator, wherein the plasma generator is a piezoelectric transformer configured to operate with a low voltage and a control apparatus for the plasma generator, wherein the device is configured in such a way that even before a start of an actual combustion process at least one gaseous component in the reactor chamber is enriched with radicals and ions by the plasma generator.

Provided are a surface coupling induced ionization method, and a plasma device. The method includes the following steps: (1) feeding a first electromagnetic wave beam to a material via a free space or waveguide to excite surface plasma waves; where target molecules to be ionized are introduced to a surface of the material, and electrons of the target molecules are coupled with surface plasmons on the material under interaction control to induce the ionization of the target molecules; (2) feeding second and subsequent electromagnetic wave beams to an ionization area of the target molecules on the surface of the material synchronously via the free space or waveguide, such that the ionized target molecules absorb the electromagnetic waves to improve the degree of ionization of the target molecules; and (3) releasing the target molecules in the form of bulk phase plasma to realize surface coupling induced ionization.

A plasma applicator comprising an electrotechnical core for generating a cold atmospheric pressure or low-pressure plasma for the treatment of human and/or animal and/or technical surfaces, wherein the electrotechnical core has a side facing the surface to be treated and a side facing away from the surface to be treated and comprises the following layers, arranged above one another, starting from the side facing the surface to be treated, a first insulation layer, a first electrode structure which is provided with a first contact for establishing electrical contact between the first electrode structure and a power supply unit and which is grounded during operation, a second insulation layer, which is embodied to galvanically isolate the first electrode structure and a second electrode structure from one another, a second electrode structure which is provided with a second contact for establishing electrical contact between the second electrode structure and a power supply unit and which is driven during operation by a voltage signal that is supplied by a power supply unit and that is sufficient to ignite a plasma, a third insulation layer, which is embodied to galvanically isolate the second electrode structure and a third electrode structure from one another, and a third electrode structure which is provided with a third contact in order to ground the third electrode structure during operation, the plasma applicator further comprising an enclosure, wherein the plasma applicator is affixed to a bag, said bag being configured to enclose a body or body segment and to thus form a sealed gas space around the body or body segment.

A carbon nanosheet, which is a sheet-form carbon nanomaterial having a larger area as compared with that of a similar conventional product and a side length of about 1 μm, and a method for producing the carbon nanosheet. The carbon nanosheet production method includes a step of mixing a solution of an iron atom-containing compound dispersed in a solvent with an alcohol, to thereby prepare a solution mixture; and a step of irradiating the solution mixture with plasma, to thereby produce a carbon nanosheet. The carbon nanosheet has a side length of 0.5 μm to 2.5 μm.

A system for generating pump illumination for laser sustained plasma (LSP) is disclosed. In embodiments, the system includes an illumination source and a beam shaper. The illumination source can be configured to output illumination having a first pupil power distribution. In embodiments, the beam shaper is configured to receive the illumination having the first pupil power distribution from the illumination source and is further configured to output pump illumination having a second pupil power distribution that is different from the first pupil power distribution.

A dielectric barrier discharge electrode of an embodiment has: a dielectric; a first electrode provided to be exposed on the dielectric; a second electrode provided to be covered by the dielectric; and a third electrode provided to be covered by the dielectric in a neighborhood of the first electrode.

Exemplary devices and methods for generating plasma are provided, which may include a first electrode component with a first side portion and a second side portion, a second electrode component having a proximate front side portion and a proximate back side portion, a plasma producing region, a ground connector component into engagement with the second electrode component, a first dielectric segment for coating the second side portion of said first electrode component. An electric power receiver into engagement with the first electrode component, wherein the electric power, when applied, converts gas disposed in the plasma producing region, into plasma.