A high frequency gravitational wave generator including a gas filled shell with an outer shell surface, microwave emitters, sound generators, and acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities. The outer shell surface is electrically charged and vibrated by the microwave emitters to generate a first electromagnetic field. The acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities each have a cavity surface that can be electrically charged and vibrated by acoustic energy from the sound generators such that a second electromagnetic field is generated. The two acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities are able to counter spin relative to each other to provide stability, and propagating gravitational field fluctuations are generated when the second electromagnetic field propagates through the first electromagnetic field.

A high frequency gravitational wave generator including a gas filled shell with an outer shell surface, microwave emitters, sound generators, and acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities. The outer shell surface is electrically charged and vibrated by the microwave emitters to generate a first electromagnetic field. The acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities each have a cavity surface that can be electrically charged and vibrated by acoustic energy from the sound generators such that a second electromagnetic field is generated. The two acoustic vibration resonant gas-filled cavities are able to counter spin relative to each other to provide stability, and propagating gravitational field fluctuations are generated when the second electromagnetic field propagates through the first electromagnetic field.

A temporally continuous matter wave beam splitter (14) comprising a plurality of intersecting and interfering laser beam (k.sub.r, k.sub.b), which act as waveguides for a matter wave beam. The laser beams of the waveguides each have a frequency detuned below a frequency of an internal atomic transition of the matter wave. The matter wave has a wavevector which is an integral multiple of the wavevector of the laser beams within a region of intersection of the laser beams. There is also provided an atomic interferometer (200) comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, and a solid state device comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, which may be part of an atomic interferometer. A cold atom gyroscope, a cold atom accelerometer or a cold atom gravimeter comprising such a solid state device are also provided. There is further provided a quantum computer comprising such a solid state device, wherein atoms of the matter wave beam are in an entangled quantum state. There is also provided a method of splitting a matter wave beam, comprising introducing the matter wave beam into a first temporally continuous laser beam, the frequency of which is detuned below a frequency of an internal atomic transition of the matter wave beam; intersecting and interfering the first continuous laser beam with a second temporally continuous laser beam, the frequency of which is also detuned below the frequency of the internal atomic transition of the matter wave beam; providing the matter wave beam with a wavevector which is an integral multiple of the wavevector of the first and second laser beams within a region of intersection of the laser beams, whereby the laser beams act as waveguides for the matter wave beam.

A temporally continuous matter wave beam splitter (14) comprising a plurality of intersecting and interfering laser beam (k.sub.r, k.sub.b), which act as waveguides for a matter wave beam. The laser beams of the waveguides each have a frequency detuned below a frequency of an internal atomic transition of the matter wave. The matter wave has a wavevector which is an integral multiple of the wavevector of the laser beams within a region of intersection of the laser beams. There is also provided an atomic interferometer (200) comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, and a solid state device comprising such a continuous matter wave beam splitter, which may be part of an atomic interferometer. A cold atom gyroscope, a cold atom accelerometer or a cold atom gravimeter comprising such a solid state device are also provided. There is further provided a quantum computer comprising such a solid state device, wherein atoms of the matter wave beam are in an entangled quantum state. There is also provided a method of splitting a matter wave beam, comprising introducing the matter wave beam into a first temporally continuous laser beam, the frequency of which is detuned below a frequency of an internal atomic transition of the matter wave beam; intersecting and interfering the first continuous laser beam with a second temporally continuous laser beam, the frequency of which is also detuned below the frequency of the internal atomic transition of the matter wave beam; providing the matter wave beam with a wavevector which is an integral multiple of the wavevector of the first and second laser beams within a region of intersection of the laser beams, whereby the laser beams act as waveguides for the matter wave beam.

The invention, provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage,

The invention, provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage,

A two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D GMOT) that is configured to produce a cold-atom beam exiting the 2D GMOT is disclosed. In embodiments, the 2D GMOT is configured to feed a three-dimensional GMOT with the cold atom beam. In embodiments, the 2D GMOT includes an input light beam having its direction along a first axis, its width along a second axis, normal to the first axis, and a substantially flat input light beam intensity profile. 2D GMOT may further includes a quadrupole magnetic field with its magnitude being zero along a third axis that is centered at the center of the input light beam's width. The 2D GMOT may also include a diffraction-grating surface positioned normal to the first axis, composed of closely adjacent parallel grooves spread across the width and run parallel to the third axis.

A two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D GMOT) that is configured to produce a cold-atom beam exiting the 2D GMOT is disclosed. In embodiments, the 2D GMOT is configured to feed a three-dimensional GMOT with the cold atom beam. In embodiments, the 2D GMOT includes an input light beam having its direction along a first axis, its width along a second axis, normal to the first axis, and a substantially flat input light beam intensity profile. 2D GMOT may further includes a quadrupole magnetic field with its magnitude being zero along a third axis that is centered at the center of the input light beam's width. The 2D GMOT may also include a diffraction-grating surface positioned normal to the first axis, composed of closely adjacent parallel grooves spread across the width and run parallel to the third axis.

The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.

The invention provides a method, apparatus and system for separating blood and other types of cellular components, and can be combined with holographic optical trapping manipulation or other forms of optical tweezing. One of the exemplary methods includes providing a first flow having a plurality of blood components; providing a second flow; contacting the first flow with the second flow to provide a first separation region; and differentially sedimenting a first blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components into the second flow while concurrently maintaining a second blood cellular component of the plurality of blood components in the first flow. The second flow having the first blood cellular component is then differentially removed from the first flow having the second blood cellular component. Holographic optical traps may also be utilized in conjunction with the various flows to move selected components from one flow to another, as part of or in addition to a separation stage.